subject and object questions from
espresso English net first let's review
the concept of a subject and an object
the subject is the person or thing that
performs the action for example we want
some fruit juice the subject is we Karen
likes Fred the subject is Karen smoking
causes cancer the subject is smoking
Daniel made a sandwich the subject is
Daniel the earthquake damaged my house
the subject is the earthquake jennifer
lied to Sam the subject is Jennifer and
the object is the person or thing that
is acted upon or receives the action for
example we want some fruit juice the
object is fruit juice Karen likes Fred
the object is Fred smoking causes cancer
the object is cancer Daniel made a
sandwich the object is a sandwich the
earthquake damaged my house the object
is my house Jennifer lied to Sam the
object is Sam most questions in English
our object questions we want to know
about the receiver of the action object
questions follow the quazel formula
question word auxiliary verb subject and
main verb when asking an object question
in the simple present we use the
auxiliary verbs do and does for example
what do you want to drink we want some
fruit juice we are asking about the
object fruit juice who does Karen like
Karen likes Fred we are asking about the
object of Karen's affection Fred this is
an object question so we use the
auxiliary verb does what does smoking
cause
smoking causes cancer again this is an
object question in the simple past we
use the auxiliary verb did with object
questions for example what did Daniel
make Daniel made a sandwich we are
asking about the object that Daniel made
what did the earthquake damage the
earthquake damaged my house who did
Jennifer lie to Jennifer lied to Sam
these are all examples of object
questions we don't know the object the
receiver of the verb so we asked about
it but sometimes we want to ask about
the subject we don't know the person or
thing that performed the action and we
want to find out this type of question
is called a subject question and subject
questions do not use the auxiliary verbs
do does and did to form a subject
question use the question word who or
what plus the verb in the simple present
or simple past plus the object let's
look at some examples who wants some
fruit juice we want some fruit juice
this question is asking about the
subject who is taking the action of
wanting the fruit juice so we say who
wants don't say who does want that's
incorrect here's another example who
likes Fred Karen likes Fred we're asking
about the subject so we use the question
word who plus the verb in the simple
present likes and then the object Fred
who likes Fred Karen likes Fred here's
another example what causes cancer
smoking causes cancer again we are
asking about the subject so we don't use
an auxiliary verb here are some examples
of subject questions in the simple past
who made a sandwich Daniel made a
sandwich what damaged your house the
earthquake damaged my house who lied to
Sam Jennifer lied to Sam because all of
these questions are asking about the
subject we do not use the auxiliary verb
did in other verb tenses like present
continuous present perfect etc the
auxiliary verbs are forms of the verbs
be and have in these verb tenses we
still use the verbs be and have in both
subject and object questions let's
consider the sentence pole is washing
the car that's in the present continuous
the subject question would be who is
washing the car and the object question
is what is Paul washing here's an
example in the past continuous the
manager was talking about the problem to
make a subject question we would ask who
was talking about the problem and to
make an object question we would ask
what was the manager talking about let's
consider the present perfect my parents
have spent a thousand dollars on a
computer the subject of that sentence is
my parents and the object is one
thousand dollars to form a subject
question we would ask who has spent a
thousand dollars on a computer and to
make an object question we would ask how
much have your parents spent on a
computer it's the same pattern for the
present perfect continuous I have been
working on this project the subject is I
and the object is this project the
subject question would be who has been
working on this project and the object
question would be what have you been
working on in the future the auxiliary
verb is will and we use it in both
subject and object questions for example
this text book will help the students
the subject is this textbook and the
object is the students so to form the
subject question ask what will help the
students and form the object question
ask who will this book help and finally
we can also form the future with going
to for example we are going to order
dessert the subject is we to form the
subject question ask who is going to
order dessert the object of the sentence
is dessert so to form the object
question ask what are you going to order
when you are going to ask a question in
the simple present or simple past using
who or what ask yourself am I asking
about the doer of the action or the
receiver of the action if you're asking
about the doer the subject then don't
use dude does or did ask who wants fruit
juice don't ask who does want fruit
juice ask what damaged your house don't
ask what did damage your house if you're
asking about the receiver of the action
then you should use do does or did in
the question you can click on the link
in the video to take a quiz and test
yourself on this topic I hope you found
this lesson helpful one problem is that
a lot of English students learn about
grammar rules but they never put them
into practice this leads to having a
theoretical knowledge of English but
finding it impossible to use correct
English grammar in a practical way
that's why my advanced English grammar
course includes both quizzes and writing
tasks not only can you test yourself but
you can also get feedback on how you are
using the grammar in practice
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