Extra English Practice
Hi everybody. Welcome to EEP. In this video, we want to talk about how to pronounce -ed endings.
So, for example, in regular verbs in the past tense.
There are three ways to pronounce the -ED at the end of a word.
It can either sound like T, D or ID.
And which one you choose depends on the sound that comes before the -ED ending.
The first category we're going to look at is words where the -ED ending is pronounced -ID.
So this means it's an extra syllable, a syllable on its own.
These words are the words in which the sound before the -ED ending is a T or a D sound.
So in that case we add -ID on the end. For example, "end".. ends in a D [laughs]
and if we add -ED, it sounds like this end-ed.
"End" -- one syllable, "Ended" -- two syllables.
Another example: visit, visiT -- visited, visited.
So two syllables: vi-sit. Three syllables: vi-sit-ed.
And another example: decide, which ends -- ends in an E letter, but the D sound.
So we want to pay attention to the sound more than the spelling.
De-cide -- two syllables. De-cid-ed -- three syllables.
This is really important because if you add extra syllables where there shouldn't be,
or you don't add a syllable where there should be a syllable,
it's much harder for an English speaker to understand.
That is the only category where we're adding an extra syllable when we're adding an -ED ending.
there are two other ways to pronounce the -ED ending. One is T, T.
We pronounce an -ED ending T when the sound that comes before -ED is a voiceless sound.
So that means there is no vibration in your throat. Nothing is happening here.
So sounds are coming out, but this is not moving.
These voiceless sounds are p, f, k, s, sh, ch, and th.
They're all the quiet sounds. They're very quiet.
And if a word ends in that sound, before the -ED ending, we will pronounce it like T.
So, for example, work, work. When you say "work", it ends in a k, k, a voiceless K.
So we say workT, workT.
Laugh, laugh. Laugh ends in a "gh", but the sound is FFF, and FFF is voiceless. LaughT.
And finally dance, dance. Dance ends in a "ce", but the sound is SSSS, like an S. Dance, dancT.
Okay, the last way it can be pronounced is like D.
So not an extra syllable, not ID, but just the D sound, D.
These words are all the other consonants that we haven't mentioned yet, there's a lot of them.
And all of the vowels. Vowels are always voiced,
so this is the category of the voiced sounds and all vowels are voiced, so they all fall into this category.
An example is PLAY. So this ends in a vowel sound: AAA. PlayD, playD.
Or close --- Z, Z: this is a voiced sound, so it would be clozD, clozD.
Or travel - L, L, L is a voiced sound, traveled.
So in all those cases, I'm not adding a syllable, right? "Play" is one syllable, "played" is still one syllable.
Tra-vel is two syllables, tra-velled -- two syllables.
And the same was true for the T sound. Work, workT, work, workT.
So remember the only time you add an extra syllable is if the sound before the -ED is T or D.
Just to be very clear what we mean by syllables, when I say work, workT, both have one.
Two syllables would sound like work-id. That's incorrect.
Yeah, so work, workT, rather than work, work-id, no.
Travel, travel-id. No, no. Travel, 2, traveled, 2 syllables. That's right.
But start, start-id. That's necessary. Other...I don't even know how to say that the other way!
[make weird non-word sounds] It doesn't work.
It's time for a game. This game is X's and O's.
The goal is to get three X's or three O's in a row vertically, horizontally or diagonally.
You get a square, you get an X or an O on the board, by doing three things:
choosing a word, pronouncing it correctly with the proper -ED ending: T, D or ID,
and making an accurate sentence with it.
Alright? Here we go. I'm going to start, and I'm going to start with this one.
So this word is listenD, listenD, listenD because N is a voiced sound.
So my sentence is: "I listened to a very interesting podcast yesterday."
Mmmm [<< noise of interest]. She got it. She did good.
I choose finishT, finishT. SH is a voiceless sound, so it sounds like a T at the end: finishT.
Uhhh...I finished my homework early. Good for you.
Okay, my turn. I'm going up here.. this is needID, needID, extra syllable, needID.
I needed some help, so I called my friend Misha. [Misha makes a noise]
Okay, well, I have to go here, or she'll win, so I choose this word, which is helpT, helpT
P is voiceless, so this sounds like helpT. I helped my friend Larissa.
Mm-hmm. She's very helpful.
Oh, it's not where I wanted to go, but I choose this one: watchT, watchT. CH, CH, CH-T, watchT.
That's really hard to say, and it's hard to not put another syllable in there
because we have so many consonants together, but watchT.
I watched a good movie on the weekend.
Huh... where do I want to go next? Here! Shhh! [laughter] I'm not listening to her!
StartID, this is the T sound, starT, so this is the one where we add an extra syllable.
StartID. Ah! Oh! Sentence! [laughs]
I started to put my O there before I made a sentence! And I stopped her!
Ok, ohhhhh, here I go. This also adds a syllable. GraduatID, graduatID.
I graduated from high school in 19- [mumbles over date, both laugh].
Nineteen-something-or-other. It was a long time ago! Nah.
19 -- that kind of dates you right there! Well, that's true. 1997.
Hey, 20 year anniversary graduating from high school, congratulations.
Oh, thanks, [sarcastically:] that doesn't make me feel old at all!
Hmmm, well I'm gonna stop her. EnjoyD, enjoyD.
OY - this is a vowel sound, so it's pronounced like a D, enjoyD.
I've enjoyed playing this game with you, Larissa. Me too!
And.. here's mine: movD, movD. I have moved probably ten times in my life.
That's a lot. It's too many. Yeah,.
Well nobody won this one. No, we are exactly equally matched! We are.
Let's try again. Yeah, let's try again.
Okay, we're going to play again. This time we have words that are adjectives that end in -ED.
So these rules apply to any words that have an -ED ending, so an -ED suffix.
Okay you go. I get to start again! Uh-huh.
Alright, this time I'm going to start here. This is surprisD, surprisD.
I was surprised when Misha said I could go first.
Okay, I'm gonna go right in the middle. Mmm. StressT, stressT.
I'm really stressed about maybe losing this game. Not really.
Okay, I'm going up here: disappointID, disappointID.
I'll be disappointed if I lose.
Maybe. Maybe.
Okay, exhaustID, exhaustID. After playing X's and O's, I'm usually exhausted.
[laughter] It's such a strenuous game!
Alright, my turn. I gotta block you. TirD, tirD. I'm not exhausted, but I am tired.
ConfusD, confusD. I'm confused.... by this game.
My turn. ExcitID, excitID. I'm excited about the weekend. Good.
Okay, my last one: embarrassT, embarrassT.
I'm embarrassed when I trip and fall. Mm-hmm. Happens a lot.
Misha.. you should be embarrassed because -- oh no! -- relaxT.
Maybe you were feeling a little too relaxT about this game.
Larissa wins! Good work. I like the winning dance. Let's see it again...?
Okay, so we want to give you some practice now, so look at these words on the screen,
and decide whether each pair is pronounced the same, the same -ED ending sound, or differently.
If they're pronounced the same, you can write an S beside.
If they're pronounced differently, write a D.
Pause the video here, and when you finish, press play and you'll hear the answers.
1. finishT, playD. They're different.
2. waitID, enjoyD, different.
3. askT, dancT, they're the same
4. stayD, startID, different
5. travelD, trieD, same
6. attendID, balancT, they're different
7. graduatID, needID, same
8. listenD, helpT, different
Just remember: when you're using an -ED ending on a word, there are three ways to pronounce it.
T -- If the sound that comes before -ED is voiceless.
D -- if the sound that comes before the -ED is voiced,
And ID if that sound is a T or a D.
So when we started this video, you may not have known all these rules,
but we hope you've enjoyed learning as you watched us play a game.
I did all three there, did you hear it? [laughs] Good job, very good job.
Extra English Practice.
...is a voiceless sound -- [coughs] -- truly voiceless, took my voice away. CoughT, coughT.
No sentence! I forgot. Cheater!!
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