It's going to be a terrifying night tonight... there'll be bogies and monsters and creeps
and chills, and if you're lucky - or unlucky - you might just experience the rawest of
human emotions: fear.
But what is fear?
Fear is not a positive emotion.
Physiologically, our breathing accelerates, the heart beats faster, blood vessels constrict,
muscles tense, we get goosebumps - they're called piloerections, by the way.
There's also some less outward effects, like increased blood sugar and white blood
cell levels, and dyspepsia, the butterflies in your stomach feeling.
Yes, it's a real thing.
And yet, we seek out Fear.
The physical effects of fear are what we would commonly call the fight-or-flight response,
and it's lightning fast.
A normal human reaction is around 250 milliseconds - but our body starts to respond to a threat
in less than half that.
First, our brain processes stimulus in the amygdala, then the hypothalamus.
Our pituitary gland, the master control for hormones, then releases adrenocorticotropin.
Instantly, the adrenal gland releases adrenaline - while cortisol is also released, starting
a chain reaction through blood pressure and the immune system.
Adrenaline binds to liver cells, raising blood sugar and giving a huge boost of energy.
Finally, the major physical reactions occur, as your breaths quicken and muscles tense.
Take a look at this cat emoji.
I'm going to change this emoji for 100 milliseconds, the time it takes your
body to recognise and react to fear.
You ready?
And... now.
Did you miss it?
The entire process I spoke about, in just 100 milliseconds.
The odd thing about fear is that this whole process is desirable - when it's not a truly
threatening situation, our reactions to fear are pleasurable, euphoric.
Think horror films, roller coasters, or skydiving: when a threat isn't real, your brain has
a natural high.
Neuropsychologist David Zald studied this in 2013, finding that autoreceptors, molecules
in our brains that help regulate hormone production, can vary between people.
For some, this meant adrenaline and dopamine would continue at higher levels for longer
- the person gets a bigger kick from the same fright.
So, are you a thrill seeker, or a scaredy cat?
As it turns out, fear is all in your head...
and 100 milliseconds later, the rest of your body, too.
This episode was written and produced by me, Nathan Chapman.
I'd like to give a huge thanks to Bulli Anglican Church for the location, and I'd
like to apologise for my terrible pronunciation of most of these medical terms.
And now onto the Final Tidbit: Fear is contagious.
Some animals, including insects, birds, mammals - and that includes humans - emit odours,
or pheromones, during threatening situations.
By doing this, bystanders are warned of the threat - and involuntarily, their
fear response kicks in.
If you weren't scared off by today's episode, give us a thumbs up,
and hit subscribe for next week's video.
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