Ana Castaño – Podemos – Head of State Health – Summary of the situation in Spain. Proposals and positioning of Podemos
Good morning ladies and gentlemen,
first of all I wanted to thank estefania and her team for giving us the opportunity to be here
because I think it is a huge
achievement and it opens up new
opportunities to be able to debate and
speak about such an important topic so
congratulations for all this to us
define you and to your whole team after
these words of acknowledgement I also
wanted to say that being here from the
state level on Health and Safety is
important because it acknowledges our
duty ie thinking globally and acting
locally and that's why I think that
being here in this Parliament is the
first step because it enables us to
think globally about such an important
topic that is cannabis in order to apply
our conclusions at the local level at
the different of the different states
the different regions the different
collectivities and the different
municipalities and I think that it is a
political work a political know-how that
is very important today we are going to
speak about the possible regulation on
cannabis as estefania said we are going
to speak about the different
perspectives of cannabis and this is
very interesting of course we are going
to speak about the health perspective
the health aspects and then we are going
to speak about the possible development
of our regions of some villages because
we want to foster rural development and
the economic impact of these new
production models and we are going to
intertwine those three topics so that we
can have a better footprint and so that
we can have a better knowledge I'm going
to focus on medicinal you
and theoretical uses and to do so I'm
going to speak about three I'm going to
divide my presentation in three chapters
first what would be the medicinal use
secondly what are the health and safety
policies and the regulations and then a
series of conclusions and
recommendations so to give you a
background of the medicinal use I think
that we have to be very honest about the
potential uses of kennedys and also the
limitations we need to be very honest
and balance of different potentials and
we are we all know that there is a real
clear Terra particular use to cannabis
we cannot deny it and there are enough
proofs scientifical proof even for those
who often have a neoliberal perspective
and everyone acknowledges the
theoretical positive uses of cannabis
and so we have to know how this plant
has such medicinal potential and if we
look back at the history of the plants
and its uses hundreds of years ago
cannabis was already used as a medicinal
plant because for many many years for
many centuries the medicinal plants were
used and botany was very important and
it was done in linked with medicine and
so I would like to give you a few
information on the medicinal uses of
cannabis as a plant
it contains different active principles
that cannot be the lead
and the THC and the Tetra I dropped a
carabiner all and cannabidiol these are
two active principles and it is
important to know that because it helps
better draft the public policies the THC
as a series of receptors and it can
influence at the cell level it can have
different influences and you have the
cb1 receptor which has a direct link
with the nervous system and the cb2
receptor that has an effect on the human
system so anti-inflammatory aspects and
it also acts through alternative
mechanisms and it has anti-inflammatory
factors and it also helps to reduce some
psychoactive effects that are unwanted
of course and it is very interesting
because it helps us better understand
what other regulatory possibilities it
is important to understand the types of
the components and active factors that
are present in the plant so we need to
have a balanced composition between the
THC and the CBD according to the kind of
pathologies we want to treat and as that
we just said it depends on the how the
plant is grown and how the extraction
and what the extraction method that is
used and these two elements should also
be taken into account in a good public
policy it is fundamental for us to know
a D th C composition and the CBD
composition we need to make sure that
there are no heavy metals on the plant
and that there are no pesticides of
course and so we need to have a global
policy that would take into account that
different aspects and so we need a
public policy that takes into that that
is similar to the agri-food policies so
we have we need a policy that takes into
account the different aspects of the
production model like the agri-food
business it should be similar to the
policies that are used for the
consumption of food we are going to
listen to different testimonies on the
possible uses very briefly I'm going to
mention some of these uses it can be
used for the symptomatic treatment of
some diseases I II cannabis can
alleviate some symptoms it's it cannot
cure diseases of such but it can help
overcome some unwanted effects and in
that sense we can use it for the
symptomatic treatment of different types
of chronic pain or motor movements
related to MS or even help reduce the
pain of advanced HIV AIDS disease it
helps also to reduce the effects of
convulsions at lapsim and seizures and i
also wanted to speak about the different
position of the states this would be the
treatment of chronic pain and chronic
diseases different drugs were created
they all derive from a P appear opiates
like more things and curiously they have
unwanted secondary effect on the body on
the organism and so this should be a
warning sign because it shows that the
drug isn't being used properly
our periods have lots of secondary
effects and this should be a good enough
reason to promote medicinal cannabis
because we know that currently we have a
drug that were approved by the FDA and
the EMEA the American Food and Drug
Administration and the European
administration where drugs that have
cannabis components and can I meet up
with components and if we use them with
marinol or satin x1 on drugs then there
some complications can be can appear
because there's a single ratio 1:1
between that THC and CBN and this is
something important the price is very
high for instance in Spain a treatment
with one of these two components or
Maryknoll or sativas can cost up to 500
euros for a two or three week treatment
so it is clear that if we want to
alleviate chronic pain we have to think
about different alternatives there's a
more healthy and more cheaper way that
would be medicinal cannabis because
medicinal cannabis as a better balance
of the different chemical products there
are different Kineo types in the plant
different kinds of preparations and the
cost of production is much more
appropriate to have a sustainable health
system compared with other drugs that
was the first part of my presentation so
what would be the medicinal users of
cannabis and now I'm going to speak
about the different policies the public
the public health policies
in relation with a possible regular
regulation I'm going to speak about the
different uses of cannabis there are
different uses that that's true
and they should be taken into account in
public health policies we should be able
to analyze the different legalization
options for medicinal cannabis but also
for the other users of cannabis I'm
going to quote the British Medical
Journal that said the following proof
and ethics have to foster policies that
are going to promote health and respect
dignity we all know the collateral
effects of destructive policies or
policies to forbid some products we know
that the collateral effects are bad and
they always affect the same people women
marginalized population and poor
populations in that sense I would like
to mention something I mentioned
something that my colleagues might
develop furthermore when we want to
speak about the effects of public
policies we need to be able to go
against the mainstream speeches on the
war on drugs it is very important to
speak about that because we know that
they are very devious effects the war on
drug policies they they create a war a
real war against drugs there are several
studies that show the negative impact
Johanna Hadi published a very
interesting book on the history of the
policies on of the war on drugs and they
show the different dimensions of that
problem because they they mix everything
the medicine all use the the production
modes the drug trafficking the policies
and the
in the book it shows that before 1914
you could buy in any pharmacy the drugs
with the cocaine and error in and even
coca-cola the drink was produced with
cocaine leaves but people were in
addicts and it shows the negative
effects and the negative impact on
health of the criminalization of some
products with the the criminalization
came the development of illegal markets
and the excessive use of those products
that led to overdoses because the
available products were another
sufficient quality and this led to
criminality of course and also the fact
that some way or another the illegal
drug trafficking also have huge
consequences on at the economy of a
country that's why it is very difficult
narco trafficking drug trafficking means
a lot of money for the traffickers and
so it is very difficult to put an end to
it and in that sense I think that we
need to be quite clear because we know
that drugs can lead to addiction and I
know that there are many voices against
the legalization of the medicinal use
and the also the leisure use
the recreational use you have to take
into account that for addiction there
are different factors explaining the
addiction it's not only the product you
have to take into account the social
outsourcing for instance several studies
show that Indian people in u.s. reserves
were kicked off of their own lands and
they were put into reserve and it
increased the rate of chronic alcoholism
and there are also some people that are
more subject to addiction because with
your background or with your history you
have more or less opportunities to fall
into an addictive pattern so we need to
see the possibilities of the
legalization of recreational use and you
have to make an analysis of the social
political and socio-economic aspects we
need to take into account the
consequences on public health and if you
want to take into account the general
framework of public policy you also need
to take into account different elements
and have the possibility of carrying out
studies taking attack taking into
account different issues for instance we
need to mobilize all involved
communities in order to make sure that
the public policy that will be drafted
will be monitored and will be analyzed
by relevant people we need to have a
legal framework that is not going to
exclude any stakeholder we need to go
against the war against drug drugs we
need to adopt a more positive outlook
and not always have this catastrophe
perspective we need to consider those
people are the street or sanitary agents
because they are
part of the communities and we need to
also foster investigation information
dissemination they are decent data
available and these are very interesting
that show that legalizing the
consumption of marijuana is not going to
increase the recreational use amongst
teenagers and there's also a very
interesting article of the New England
magazine it was published in 2015 there
was a very serious study that were
carried out on the recreational use of
teenagers and in the state of Colorado
in the United States the use the theory
of physical use was legalized in 2000
and recreational use was legalized in
2014 I hope we won't need fourteen years
to do the same but they carried out
different investigations they would try
to see what would be at the impact on
public health they also wanted to be a
reference point so that if other states
wanted to adopt the same policy they
could use them as an example and so
there was a study on the use of teen age
that the teenagers use of cannabis or
marijuana once the product was legalized
once the medicinal and recreational
users were legalized the consumption
didn't increase the number of teenagers
consuming marijuana or cannabis didn't
go to the roof and so this is very
important however the study shows that
in Colorado in the state because THC has
a psychoactive effect there was a slight
increase of car crashes and so they
decided to limit the level of THC in
legalized cannabis but it's about the
same issue as in with alcohol
consumption
so there was a slight increase of car
incidence car crashes and so this was a
little the one impact on public health I
was mentioned in the study and so this
Colorado investigation is a classic
study and it can be an example and even
the American Journal of Public Health
mentioned the investigation and and also
says that we need to study the different
potential impacts on health first we
need to assess and monitor the
consumption patterns and we also need to
be careful with the populations at risk
so we need to have an assessment process
and a monitoring process a very serious
process to follow up the at-risk
population ie the teenagers or
marginalized people and that we need to
develop public policies relevant public
policies with education chapters in
order to raise awareness I think that
education is a fundamental pillar so
that afterwards we can be more
responsible and free freedom comes with
responsibility otherwise it's impossible
and we need to work on that on the
relationship between freedom and
responsibility this is undeniable and if
we want to develop public policies of
course we need to cooperate we need to
collaborate with the different sectors
and we need to include the community
associations and the different
stakeholders that have to be gathered
around the same table we need to include
all the different stakeholders otherwise
we won't manage to have relevant public
policies and to conclude with my
conclusions I'm going to be quite quick
because I think that people of my
colleagues are going to speak more about
the current situation and given the high
number of countries with legalized
medicinal cannabis the UN also
acknowledged the international
legality of these legalization programs
and international agencies explicitly
said in their report that we cannot
criminalize the Kennedys because
Kennedys cannot be considered as a hard
drug in 1961 there was a study on the
Single Convention in order to open up
the door to legalization and recently in
April 2016
there was a General Assembly of the UN
on drugs in the world and the
participants decided to work together in
order to fight together against the
global problem that that is a drug and
to develop and apply national policies
according to their needs and their
priorities in Spain in 1961 the country
ratified the UN conventions on drugs and
that was adopted in 61 and in 1967 they
updated the regulations and the laws on
narcotics in 2014 a decree proposal was
presented in Parliament if well it's not
a bill it's a decree proposal but we are
in a kind of limbo because there were
some government changes and there was a
proposed decree in order to review the
medicinal use of cannabis it wouldn't be
as complicated as it might seem because
we want to legalize the medicinal use of
Canada
and so the door is now open if
everything is not done yet we haven't
reached a full legalization of the
recreational and medicinal use of
cannabis but the door is now open so
what can we do
when can we really make the final steps
in order to go ahead and to conclude in
one'd Espada Baz we want to really
support all heartedly all the
communities have been working for years
and years on the legalization of
medicinal and recreational use and
support them in their work we need to
carry out studies to help us in that
work and work with the different civil
society organizations that have been
working on that and medicinal use has to
be legalized in order to help the people
who need that and this would be a first
step towards the legalization of
recreational use hoping that the state
will not keep its paternalistic position
thank you
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