Hi everybody welcome to another episode
of Exploring Photography right here on
AdoramaTV I'm Mark Wallace
and this is part five of my series
on video editing basics
for people that don't know anything
about editing video.
In this episode we're going to be talking
about how audio moves the story forward
and how we can do some basic editing
of our audio in Adobe Premiere.
Now if you haven't already watched the first
four parts of this series
make sure you at
least take a look at those so you
understand exactly where we are the
different tools and things that we're using.
In this episode though we really
want to dial into audio in two different
ways. The first is understanding how
audio moves our story forward. How it
pulls the viewer in and tells the story
from the perspective of the camera
operator or the the director I guess or
the character in the story. So the music
will help us do that. It will help us
transition from different clips, it'll
help us to move things along so people
keep watching. The other thing we want to
do is understand technically how we do
all of those things, so how do we
increase the volume and fade things out
and trim audio and mix two different
clips, so they're seamless and get rid of
some noise or whatever you have on the
timeline. So to do that I want to first
show you a section of My Muddy Adventure
it's the video that we've been using to
understand how to edit video. If you want
to watch this and I really highly
suggest that you do this, specifically
for the audio, because the audio in this
clip really plays a large part and so to
see the whole 17 minutes, I think it's
worth your while so you can sort of hear
how the audio is moving things along.
I've included a link to that video in
the description of this video so you can
click on that and see that. It's on
YouTube. Okay so we're going to go in
here. I've already loaded in My Muddy
Adventure it is the story of me getting
stuck on my motorcycle in Africa.
There's a section here that I want to dive into
just so we can really hear how the audio
is working. Now on this project on the
timeline here we have three different
audio tracks. The first track here is
this one of the audio from the GoPros, so that's
the motorcycle noise, it's me talking
it's just the normal video audio. The
second and third tracks are mix of
voiceover and music. So some stuff I
recorded later to narrate the story,
that's a voiceover and then the music
that I have purchased from Digital Juice.
So just a note make sure that you have
legal music in your videos. It's
copyrighted so make sure you're not
stealing anything. I license almost all
of my music from Digital Juice, you can
check them out at Digital Juice dot com,
so that's all the music we're going to
be listening to here. So let me just sort
of walk through this section of video.
There's some things that happen.
The first is I'm going to be talking about how it is
scary where I am. I don't know if I can
camp or move forward or if I'm stuck. So
to help you understand how the music and
audio is is working here, on the audio
tracks there is a little m and if you click
on that you can mute or turn off this
sound. So I've turned off all the music
and stuff just so you can hear how this
sounds with me just talking in the
motorcycle sound, so here I am saying I
don't know if I can camp here or not?
"...well if it's not I have to find
someplace to camp but as you can see
there's just, there's nothing, there's
nowhere to camp even..." okay so there I am
just talking about camping okay
so then after that what happens is I hop
on my motorcycle and I start riding so
we'll have some motorcycle sounds and
then let's sort of go away so here I am
and then there's clips of me just riding
along and then the third thing that
happens is, I come around the corner and
I see some people that I'm not expecting
So these people that have a bus accident
and the thing is
I'm thinking I don't know what's
happened here I don't know if they're
hurt? If there's some kind of
scam? I don't think that's what it is but
mainly I think, gosh something is
happening that doesn't look good. I don't
know what it is and I want to convey
that in my video and so to do all of
those things we're going to use audio
and so I'm going to unmute first these
tracks. So here I am talking about
camping now before it was just sort of
bland but I've added in some music that is
tense and so that's going to add the
feeling of oh I don't know, I don't know
if I'm going to make it? And it makes a
huge difference, so listen to this "...well
if it's not, I have to find someplace to
camp but as you can see there's just,
there's nothing, there's nowhere to camp
even so..."
Okay so we've added some tension now I want
you to listen to how these different
audio tracks change so that tense music
is going to fade out. There's going to be
a fade in of my motorcycle starting so
the motorcycle starting is going to
propel us into the segments of riding
and then we have some action music
that's going to sort of come in at the
same time, so we're going to go from
tense to all right let's get to it, and
we're doing that with the audio to match
what's happening with the video so
listen tense music, out action music in,
motorcycle sound up to transition us and
then the motorcycle sound goes away.
"...really fast so I think in about 10
minutes it's going to be down pour...."
Okay so we've made a transition. We're
telling a different part of the story
now over here, where we come around the
corner and we see these unexpected bus
crash crowd, this unexpected bus crash
here I want to point out two things that
we've, that we've done here. The first is
I've made a transition from the road to
the crash with the sound that's in the
music, it's a 'bong' and that's going to
help us transition, so listen to this and
watch as this happens.
Hear that "bong"...
okay so we're timing our
cut with the video and so I can use that
rolling edit we talked about in previous
episodes, to make sure that the clips and
the music line up and to the audio and
what we're seeing match. So we've done
that. The other thing that I'm doing here
is, I want to create some tension and I'm
going to do that by adding a different
music track and that's a tense music
track. So listen to this now seeing
something that I don't know listen to
how it feels.
Okay that is that section.
So the audio plays a huge part we're
going to learn how to do all that fading
things in out, fading things in and out
and making some transitions and then
changing the audio, the volume of things
like the motorcycle coming in and the
the sounds going out. There's one other
section in this video that I really
would love for you to watch, perhaps on
the published version and it is how
audio tells the story of reaching the
end of a big struggle. If you watch this
clip at the end of me and the mud trying
to get out, this section right here
you'll hear me talk about getting to the
end of this tarmac.
"What a wonderful detour it
was and I got to see Panda. Some locals
invited me to go out"... and that so watch
that and then listen to how the music
crescendos, the crowd crescendos and we
have a big celebration and then things
fade out, visually it goes to black but
we still hear some things and then text
and then we're moving on to our second
segment and you'll see that the things
that we talked about the story moving
forward from the sound applies there. I
think it's a really good example we
don't have time to watch every single
part of this Muddy Adventure or we'd be
here all day.
Okay now that we know sort of those
principles how do we do that well we
first need to understand how audio files
work. Now I can't go into all of the
different things about audio it would
take us years, in fact if you're a
musician you know this. Audio is a huge
universe that has a lot of complexities
so we're going to keep this as simple as
possible,
so you can get started quickly. So the
first thing I want to do is, I want to
talk about how audio waveforms look in
audio files what they look like and so
I've done is I've created a new sequence
called Music Edit. It's just an empty
timeline. I've done that so we can look
at some audio files. So on the left hand
side here I have an audio file this is a song.
Okay so what I want to do here is I want
to take this and I just want to take, I
don't know, maybe a second or two and
then I'm going to take this and put it
on the timeline. I'll zoom this in so we
can see okay so I've got a couple
seconds there. Then I'm going to go over
to my music track and I'm going to get a
different, just a different song
Okay that and we'll put that on the
timeline. Okay so we have two tracks or
two clips on the timeline.
It don't make any sense they're just audio,
so when we look in our source monitor we
have all these squiggles. What the heck do
those mean? Let me clear this in and out so
you can see this clearly.
Well audio waveforms, you know audio
travels in waveforms just like the ocean
that's in waves
so it's traveling across. We have
something called amplitude that's how
loud something is. So a big waveform. So if
you clap it creates a big waveform. If
you whisper it's a very small waveform
and so we can see visually through these
waveforms if something is quiet or if
something is really loud and in music
you can actually see the beat. You can
see where the drum hits and where the
crescendos are and all that kind of
stuff. So to do that I'm going to get
actually a different song here. I'm going
to get this song called hard hitting
because it's got some very distinct
points. I'm going to go in here and get this guy
right here. Okay so you can see in this
clip here we have very loud section
right here. You can just see it, something
changes right here, then something is
loud right here. Now we play this
you can hear,
you can hear the change that we can see.
So the audio waveforms will help us
guide us through this. If we zoom in by
hitting the plus key now you can start
seeing the individual beats. You can
start seeing where these drum beats are.
So boom, boom, boom, boom
so watch when we play this.
So that's all there is to know
really about audio waveforms
is you can see how loud and soft
and loud and soft
something is and that will help us visually
to put in an out points. The other thing
is on this window we see two different
things that's because one of them is the
left side, the other one is the right
side. It's a stereo track. So we have two
different things left and right ear
going at the same time. Sometimes you'll
have a mono track and you'll only see
one waveform, so you might see that in
something like a voice recording and so
I will open my voice overs here and I'll
just grab one of them. This is a stereo
voiceover but you can still see how this
works. So right here should be silence.
Yes and then I start talking right here;
"...that mean't shelter and food..."
so you can see visually how audio
"Panda was just down the road..."
You can see how audio looks
and so that will help us
when we're editing. Okay there's something
else that we need to understand in our
audio editing, so the audio clips we can
edit just like we did with the video
clips, using our tools. So we can go to
the timeline. We can shrink them. We can
stretch them. We can use the rate stretch
tool. We can use all the stuff that we
did with our video clips on the audio. We
can use transitions, all of that stuff
works. So everything we already learned
works for audio but we want to learn is
how to change the volume very
specifically. Now there are two different
ways to do this. To fade things in and
out and to change volume levels. The
first way is to go to the audio
workspace by clicking on audio or go to
window workspace audio and then you have
a track mixer and then you also have a
clip mixer. This is very important to understand.
So if your traditional audio engineer
maybe you mix sound for a band or a
community center or a play or something?
You're used to having a big mixing board
and turning volume up and down.
Well audio happens in two different ways
so we have clips those are the
individual clips and we can change the
audio levels for each clip independent
of other clips and then we have tracks.
That's the track that all those clips are on.
So you can individually control the
volume in each clip and then you can
globally control the volume in each
track and so if you confuse those two
things, you might think you're changing
the volume on the entire audio track or
all the track for music and but you're
not getting that you're just getting
sections. So let me show you what I mean.
So we have two different clips one and
two. Two different types of music here so
up here we have this clip mixer
and so what I will do,
notice the playhead is on the left side
of this first song. If I pull this slider
down to lower the volume, listen to what
happens to the first clip.
The second clip is still loud because the
playhead was on the first clip when I
made the change. If I move this up to the
top? I'm only changing one clip. This is
the clip mixer and so that's really nice.
I can go through here and as I'm playing
it, I can make a change.
Whoa now that's loud. That can be
confusing, so just know that you're
making a clip change, not an entire track
change. This is really where I would
spend most of my time making adjustments
because you can add keyframes. So let's
say we want to have a clip with some
music. We want it to go down in volume, so
that maybe a voiceover can sit on top of
that and then the voiceover ends, and we
want to come up with that. So we want our
music to go down and then come back up.
So we can do that in our clip. We can do it
live in this clip mixer. So as you play
I'm going to move this down and back up
but I'm going to make sure this little
thing right here is clicked. The right
keyframes, so this is going to do this
live as we play. So I'm going to go put
the playhead at the beginning. Make sure
this right keyframes is on and I'm going
to do this. I'm going to make this a
little bit longer so we have some some
breathing room here. Okay I'm going to
fade it down and back up. Here we go.
Alright now notice, down here, I'm going to
make this large, so you can see it. That
we have this line. This is showing
us our keyframes, showing us all the
things that we did. So just like in the
last episode where we added keyframes
manually, we can also add keyframes with
automation using the little sliders and
because I was adjusting things as
this played into the second clip, it
affected both of those. It's a really
nice way to change volume as you go live.
Okay so now what we're going to do is
look at the audio track mixer. So what
this will do is it's going to make a
global change to everything on this
track. Now here is one area in audio
editing that we're not going to spend
much time. We're going to skim
right over it because
we could spend probably two or three
hours going through this stuff. So I'm
just going to show you this very quickly
and then if there's enough response and
people want to know more about this,
maybe we'll make an entire series just
on audio editing because it's that
detailed. So what we can do here is if we
want to have all of the volume, the
master volume to go down but include all
the changes that we made. We can go over
here to this first track here, the audio
one, that's two audio tracks here and
then I can just pull this down. That's
going to affect the entire track but
it's also going to preserve the
keyframes that I made and so we do that
by having this set to read. These are
different. There's Off, Read, Touch and
Write that will behave differently the
automation will change based on those
and that is definitely way beyond what
we need to learn here today. If you just
want to change the volume of a track, you
can go into the track mixer and just
pull that down, decrease the volume and
you're going to be fine. If you want to
go in and change the volume of different
places of a clip, go in to the clip mixer
make sure you're right
keyframe is turned on and then it will
change as you move that up and down live.
That's not very precise. There's a
different way to do this and it's the
way that I prefer to do this because
it's really precise. So we're going to go
back to the editing window and we're
going to go back into My Muddy Adventure
and then what we're going to do is, we're
going to zoom in and you'll notice that
those little keyframes that we talked
about earlier show up so I have gone in
and made audio adjustments to these
different areas. In fact let's go back to
the the portion that we are talking
about earlier. So notice that here when
I'm talking about the the camping
"...possible, if it's not..."
here is my audio
track for that music, the tense music
"... to find some place..."
but notice at the end it
fades out and this other one fades in.
The way I have done that instead of
using the track mixer
and trying to just do this by
listening and watching and doing it
really quick is I want it to be really
precise. You can do that by using this
tool right here, the pen tool. So if you
click that on your track, you can click
and add a keyframe. Click somewhere else
add another keyframe. Click another
keyframe you can start adding keyframes
but then you can start dragging those
along. So if I just want this section
right here to fade down, stay low and
fade up I've made four keyframes to do
that and listen it goes down and up
"...and there's nothing for over 100 miles..."
It goes down.
"...so I'm going to have to ride
through this rain and hope that the road..."
Same with my audio up here. If I want to
change that I can do it really easily I
can start making this go down. Now my
voice will fade out in "...100 miles so
I'm going to have to ride...
It's still passable..." So if you want to be
really precise use the pen tool to start
editing your different audio points. If
we go scroll through here you can see
I've done this a lot. I have taken the
creepy music down. I've faded up the
action music. I've faded up the sound of
the audio, of the engine, the motorcycle
engine but then I've taken that down.
I've taken this down to almost nothing.
So you can hear the engine start up
really loud it fades back down. The
sounds of the motorcycle going along,
it almost goes away but we have nice loud
music. So watch this and listen.
"...Figure this out really fast so I think in about
ten minutes it's going to be down pour..."
And that's how you do it. So all of the
things that we've learned trimming,
clipping, cutting, adding transitions all
of that stuff works with audio. The key
framing also works with the pen tool to
adjust our volume and that helped us be
really precise or you can use the mixers
as well. There's one more thing I want to
show you it's a trick that you'll use
over and over and over and then I think
we'll have enough audio under our belts
to do a lot. This trick is to fix one of
the stock music limitations that you
might think you have, which is you need a
two or three minutes audio clip and you
only have 60 seconds. How do you stretch
that out and make it sound really good?
Well I've done that in this this clip
right here. At the very end. Let me shrink
these guys down where I have this action
music and you can hear it here.
Okay so I needed that song to last
longer than the 60 seconds that we had
it and so that song is called 'Hard Hitting'
and so I'm just going to over here and
type in hard and we have a 60 second
version. I will pull that in, so there it
is. Here's our song. Now this song it
helps to know a little bit about music
but this song is a 4/4 time signature
which is what most stock music is and so
it's got a beat that goes 1, 2, 3, 4,
1, 2, 3, 4 and so what you can do if you want to
extend a song, you can chop off the end
measure or 2 or 3 and just make sure you
do that at the end of 4 so 1, 2, 3, 4,
chop and then you can take the song
and start it over on the downbeat of the
1 so 1, 2, 3, 4 chop, 1, 2, 3 its the new
part of that so at the very end of this
audio what you can see here if I zoom in,
you can see the four beats 1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, and it fades out so listen to this.
You can hear this last bar of music,
there it is. So we've got this right here 1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2 fades out. So what we can do here to
make this much longer I'll go to my
music edit, clear this out so I'm going
to take this entire song here and I will
drop it on the timeline. So we have that
Okay now double click to put this up here
and I will zoom in on the timeline
at the very end, down here. Okay so there we
have this clip. Now I'm going to trim out
that last 4 beats. So right there I think
that's it. So I will make that the out point.
Okay now you might have to adjust this a
little bit frame by frame because you
have to make sure you get it right on
the downbeat. So I will make sure that is
right. Let me zoom in again. I think it needs
to go one frame back there we go yeah.
Okay so then what I can do
here's how that ends. Oh sorry, oh my,
I mean audio. I've turned that down
remember we turned that track down?
We need to turn it back up okay,
so we've got this ending,
Alright, right on the downbeat
so then we can just take
this same track, the same music,
it starts on the one beat
1, 2, 3, 4 so,
we'll just take that or drop it right
down there if we've done it right? We'll
get a seamless edit.
So we've taken one song chopped off the
end, put the beginning back on and we've
extended and you can do that over and
over and over again and you can create a
60-second song and just make it as many
minutes as you want and at the end you
can just fade it out using those key
frames or the slider and you're all good
and so if you watch again My Muddy
Adventure you'll hear at the very end
this music goes on for quite a while
even though it's only a 60 second clip
and that's how you do that. Alright
tons of audio tips and tricks. I suggest
for you if you want to play with this
stuff get some audio, start keyframing.
Start fading things in and out. Try to
tell some stories using different audio
effects and music and voiceovers and see
how it works for you. If you really want
to see how this works in this My Muddy
Adventure watch the whole thing and if
you just listen closely, you'll hear how
the audio tells the story. Another thing
you can do is turn off the audio and
watch a section and you'll see what kind
of a difference all that music and stuff
makes. It's huge. It really really will help
out okay.
The next episode we're going to finish
off this series of basics by figuring
out how to get all of the work that
we've done out of our computer and out
to the real world using Adobe Media
encoder, so make sure you join me for
that. Don't forget to subscribe to
AdoramaTV that way you don't miss
anything you can see all of the good
stuff that we're publishing. Also check
out the Adorama Learning Center for more
advanced topics and articles that will
help you learn how to edit video, shoot
video, shoot stills and all that kind of
stuff. Thank you so much for joining me
and I'll see you again in the next episode.
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