we've talked a lot about different items in Model Railroading For Beginners but
the one thing that I'd haven't done so far is terminology terminology in a
railroad terminology and model railroading today I'm going to talk
about the difference between gauge and scale the difference between turnout and
switch and a few more things so let's get started with it right now
I'm Tom Kvichak and this is Toms Trains and Things this channel was
created to help other modelers who are in need of guidance in pursuing their
dream of building a model railroad and when we're building that model railroad
we need to know the proper terminology of what we're talking about and what
we're using and that's what we're going to discuss today some people call
HO gauge some people call HO scale some people call the turnouts
turnouts and some people call them switches now there is a legitimate
reason for every one of those and we're gonna discuss those and we're going to
go over a little bit of a history of history of railroads and what the gauge
is where that came from let's start this off by talking about the difference
between scale and gauge scale is the proportion of real size to the size of
the model railroad that we're using say like 1:48th 1:87th 1:160 for O HO
and N scale now gauge is the distance between the rail now what we use today
is four foot eight and a half inches but it wasn't always like that it started
out at a larger scale of five foot scale now back in 1825 George Stevenson was a
civil engineer and a mechanical engineer with and him and his son created the
first passenger railroad that was called Stockton and Darlington Railroad now he
used four foot eight and a half inches as this the gauge between the rails now
this was in England in 1825 this is long before in the United States that they
used that dimension for the rail back in 1886 the Pennsylvania Railroad used 4
foot 9 inches and the Southern Railways used 5 foot and I think it was in May of
May the end of May in 1886 they just the the Southern Railways decided to move
their rail in three inches so it would be closer to
what the the northern railroads were they did this in 36 hours and what they
did was they took the inside spike of the Western rail and moved it in three
inches and did that all the way up and then over a 36 hour period
moved the rail over that three inches although all through the rails in the
Southern Railway so that became four foot nine inch and then later on it came
down to four foot eight and a half inches and that's where we are today
where did that four foot eight and a half inches come from there was a
program on PBS a long time ago that discussed this same question of how
we got the gauge for the railroad and it goes back all the way to the Roman
chariots and that they found when they when they dug up I think it was in
Pompeii they measured the ruts and from Center to Center and it came out to four
foot eight and a half inches of four foot nine inches now they did this big
old long story about that that you know it came from there and it you know just
through the years it just came and and everything that was built was built with
those dimensions on there and what they said was that the horses were more
accustomed to that distance that measurement for the wheels if it was any
skinnier or any wider it would pose a problem with that also in in 1870
Matthias NACE Forney was a editor for the Railroad Journal and he had a
discussion with a lot of the engineers for the railroads and this is when they
were it doing the narrow gauge at the time and it was discussed and he
published this that you know that these engineers said that five foot was a
better gauge because the four foot eight and a half inches was sub-optimal but
that never took on you know since everything was
already four foot eight and a half inches it just stayed that way and if
you ever out in Colorado Denver Colorado there's a Forney Transportation Museum
there that you would that I suggest you go see we went there about four years
ago and it has everything in transportation as far as bicycles
motorcycles carriages automobiles locomotives and other rolling stock from
the railroads so if you're ever in Denver go take a look at it I'll put a
link to their web page down here now if you want to refer to a chose scale that
is the proper way of doing it it's not a choke gauge now like I told you gauges
the distance between the tracks and a lot of model railroaders use that term a
choke gauge you know that's fine that's the way they want to do it but you know
so gauge is actually the distance between the tracks now if you got 25
model railroaders I said this before you're gonna have 25 different answers
so however you do it is fine but you know I just wanted to let you know that
scale is the proportion of real life to whatever size that you're using and
gauges at a distance between the tracks now let's move on to turnouts and
switches now a turnout is what the engineers refer to on the railroad now
model railroaders also refer to the same item turn out as a switch now I'm not
going to say that they're wrong that's the way that they say it that's the way
they refer to it and also there's a single slip switch and a double slip
switch which is also a turnout so you know even when you're referring to the
turnouts like a conventional turnout why turn out a 3-way turnout at a double
crossover double double slip switch and double or a single slip switch you see
the difference in there some of them are called switches and some of them are
called turnouts but the actual nomenclature for the device is a turnout
and the switch is a section of the turn which I'm gonna show you on some
pictures over here in a few minutes now there are parts of the turnout that I'm
going to show you on the computer here and we're going to go over that and also
on the code for the rail now there's different codes on different scales I'm
gonna and basically I'm just going to talk about n scale and a chose scale now
in a Cho scale you have seventy eighty three and a hundred now most of the
manufacturer tracks like from the Atlas tracks the Bachmann easy track those are
all code 100 now when you get into the Flex track you can get code 83 and you
can get code 70 now an N scale it's a little bit smaller and it goes down to
code 55 now I'm not sure if the the larger one is 70 I have a couple of
pieces of flex track now as far as the numbers on the turnout the turnout
number is referring to the distance a ratio of the distance of the straight
track and the curve so like one in four and I'll show you a picture of it and
explain that a little bit further now you may be wondering why am I even
bothering to go through this well you know I didn't realize it that you know
since most of us are familiar with a lot of things in model railroading and you
know we've done it since we were a kid and you know we've gone back to it or
we're starting out we already been reading up on it
but there are model railroaders who are starting from scratch and what brought
my attention to this is a couple of viewers we're asking what watching them
some of my videos and they're saying what's this what's that I you know and I
was doing the video on an NMRA gauge and he says what's that used for and you
know as far as the turnout what's the number on a turnout because they had no
idea because they never heard it before so this is basically the reason that I'm
going over the terminology and I'm gonna continue with a few more videos after
this one to expand on some of the discussions now I'm going to show you
the a no more a gauge but I'm going to do another video on the NMR
Gate showing you what all the different items on that gauge is now as far as the
turnout goes I'm going to show you the parts of the turnout and I'm going to
show you the relationship of the numbers on the turnout now if you have a number
for turnout and a number eight turnout a number eight turnout is a skinnier
turnout and a number for turn-up is a little bit steeper and I'll show you why
that is here I have a series of why turnouts this is a number two and these
two are a number four now you can see the difference these are different
manufacturers and even though both of them are number fours you can see that
from the thrown rod all the way up to the Frog it's a little bit different and
the angle is a little bit different so nothing is quite precise between the
manufacturers so whenever you're working on something you have to really check to
see what the angles really are this is a picot insulated frog this is an Atlas
electric electro frog I'm not sure exactly what their terminal terminology
is the Atlas is a number four and the picot is a number five this isn't it
this one's an Atlas and this one's a picot and I'll put these together like
this and number four and the number five this one's an Atlas but I think this is
code 100 I'm gonna put these three together right here and you can see I
have three different numbered curves this one's a picot I know this one and
these two right here is Shinohara this is a code 83 regular track and this is a
code 83 Bridge track this one's made by pika this one's made by
micro-engineering now you can see the difference in the ties for the bridge
track their closer together and they're a different dimension now this
is n scale track this one here is code 70 this one here is code 55 now both of
these are manufactured by Atlas but you can see the difference in the height of
the of the rail on there and also you'll notice the different colors in there
that's true with most manufacturers I don't have any code 100 H 0 scale that
there's a code 83 a chose scale right there and you can see that in the
difference between the h o' and the n scale you could pause your video here to
take a look at this diagram of the turnout it gives you all the names of
the parts of the turnout now whether it's a left hand or right hand a curved
turnout or a wide turn on it's all the same the terminology is the same on
every one of them also I'm going to scratch the surface on steam locomotives
and diesel locomotives and how we identify between the two on steam
locomotives that identification comes from the the trucks on there as an
example you might have a 210 Aloka motive I'm going to show you the
difference I'm going to put a display up here and to show you some of the
different ones not all of them I mean there are so many different ones and I'm
gonna do the same thing with the diesels now the the letters on the Diesel's all
have a meaning on it that you know they have S SW they have RS they have F they
have E they have GP and that list goes on and there are so many different ones
that you could look it up and I'm gonna give you a link for on the Wikipedia
where it will cover every possible diesel locomotive and every possible
steam locomotive and we'll put all those graphics up here on the on the page so
you could see that go take a look at Tom's trains and things dot-com where I
have a bunch of other stuff on here that I don't have on YouTube videos and I'm
always putting more on there check out Tom's trains and
things and help support this channel by going there I have some affiliate links
on there I have patreon and also PayPal me Tom's
trains and things so take a look at the web page in some future episodes I'm
going to continue with the the topic of terminology and try to cover as much as
possible that I can going back and and trying to think what it was like from
the very beginning it's kind of hard so if any of you out there have any ideas
of you know you know what do you want to know about what's this or what's that
write it down in the comments section and let me know because you know I
started out a list of the terms that I want to use and I'm going to continue
with a few more videos as many as I need to make it clear what everything is in
model railroading and in railroading I've had a couple of questions since
IRMA came through they want to see my trains running well I got I got a lot my
electronics part packed up in and toads and stuff that I wanted to keep it away
just in case we had a failure in the roof and so I got to stick to all that
stuff back up and get everything back run and plus I was sick for a while so
we'll get that we'll get the get the trains running on there and I'll show
you a video on that so keep watching I got more stuff coming up and we'll see Ya
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