JUDY WOODRUFF: Good evening.
I'm Judy Woodruff.
On the "NewsHour" tonight: A new study estimates more than 4,600 people died in Puerto Rico
as a result of Hurricane Maria, far higher than the official toll.
Then: Starbucks closes more 8,000 of its coffee shops for anti-bias training after two black
men were arrested in Philadelphia.
What can employers do to tackle discrimination?
And the saving power of music: We follow the return of one student to a school in India
that uses music education to bring kids out of poverty.
REV.
PAUL D'SOUZA, School Director: Music is used as a medium which is central to all that happens
in Gandhi Ashram, to give them the joy, to give them the confidence.
JUDY WOODRUFF: All that and more on tonight's "PBS NewsHour."
(BREAK)
JUDY WOODRUFF: The governor of Missouri made a surprise announcement late today that he
is resigning in the wake of a sex scandal and alleged campaign finance violations.
Republican Eric Greitens said that he will step down on Friday after weeks of refusing
to do so.
He had acknowledged an extramarital affair, while denying allegations of sexual assault.
He also faced a felony charge of misusing a campaign donor list, and potential impeachment,
but claimed that he did not break the law.
Today, he said it's become too much.
GOV.
ERIC GREITENS (R), Missouri: It is clear that for the forces that oppose us, there is no
end in sight.
I cannot allow those forces to continue to cause pain and difficulty to the people I
love.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Hours earlier, a judge had ordered a group supporting Greitens to release
key documents that could show illegal coordination with his campaign committee.
ABC Television abruptly canceled its top-rated revival of the show "Roseanne" today over
a racist tweet by its star, Roseanne Barr.
She went after former adviser to President Obama Valerie Jarrett over her politics and
her looks.
Barr apologized, but ABC said the remarks were -- quote -- "abhorrent and repugnant."
We will take a closer look later in the program.
It's been a rough day on Wall Street.
Stocks tanked over fears that political turmoil in Italy will put new strain on the euro currency.
Instead, investors bought up U.S. government bonds, driving interest rates down and hurting
bank stocks.
The Dow Jones industrial average turned negative for the year, losing 391 points to close at
24361.
The Nasdaq fell 37 points, and the S&P 500 slipped 31.
The Trump administration says it's moving forward with placing new tariffs on Chinese
products.
The White House announced today that 25 percent levies will take effect next month on $50
billion worth of Chinese goods.
Beijing answered that it will protect its core interests.
New signs today that President Trump and North Korea's leader, Kim Jong-un, are actively
trying to revive summit plans.
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo now plans to meet with Kim Yong-chol, a North Korean official,
in New York this week.
Meanwhile, the State Department said that U.S. teams are holding more planning meetings
with North Koreans.
HEATHER NAUERT, State Department Spokeswoman: I think that each of the groups that are meeting,
such as our colleagues who are in Singapore right now, our colleagues who are at the demilitarized
zone, are all having meetings about different pieces in which they have an expertise.
I'm not going to get into all the details of that.
But I think that that's pretty impressive thinking about where we were one year ago,
where we were even six months ago, for that matter.
And now we have three simultaneous meetings taking place on this matter to talk about
the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Amid the diplomacy, the State Department also published a new estimate that
North Korea is holding 80,000 to 120,000 political prisoners.
Japan says it spotted an apparent fuel transfer to a North Korean ship this month, violating
U.N. sanctions.
It's believed that a Chinese-flagged vessel was also involved.
China maintains that it's fully enforcing efforts to cripple North Korea's nuclear program.
The U.S. Deep South got a drenching today from remnants of the Gulf storm Alberto.
The system dumped as much as six inches of rain as it tracked north across Alabama into
Tennessee.
Flood warnings were up in five states, and total damage was estimated at $50 million.
Arkansas is now free to enforce a state law that targets abortion pills.
The U.S. Supreme Court today rejected a legal challenge by Planned Parenthood.
The law will limit doctors' ability to prescribe medications that induce abortions.
In Paris, leaders of Libya's rival factions mapped out a path to reconciliation today.
They agreed on a framework for holding national elections on December the 10th.
The U.N. sponsored the round of peace talks, and French President Emanuel Macron was on
hand to cheer the outcome.
EMMANUEL MACRON, French President (through translator): The commitment is to fully and
safely give back to the Libyan people their sovereignty and allow them to express it on
this date.
The Libyan people aspire to security, stability, to live better and to be able to express its
sovereignty.
That's what we owe them.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Libya has been torn by conflict since Moammar Gadhafi was overthrown by a
NATO-backed revolt in 2011.
Palestinian militants in Gaza fired salvos of mortars and rockets into southern Israel
today, and the Israelis answered with airstrikes.
Several rockets were intercepted by Israel's Iron Dome defense system.
Warplanes struck more than 30 targets across Gaza in response.
There were no reports of deaths on either side.
And the U.N. Human Rights Office called today for Saudi Arabia to safeguard the status of
women's rights activists.
Six women and three men have been arrested this month, but their whereabouts are unknown.
Saudi Arabia is due to lift a ban on women driving in June.
Still to come on the "NewsHour": can Starbucks become a model for anti-bias training?; why
ABC TV abruptly canceled the show 'Roseanne"; an organization that teaches the skills needed
to keep a job; and much more.
As the start of hurricane season approaches this week, a new estimate says that the death
toll from Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico last year was far larger than known.
A new estimate finds that at least 4,645 people in Puerto Rico died as a result of last year's
storm and the devastation that followed.
That far exceeds the official toll from the island's government officials, which stands
at 64.
Writing in The New England Journal of Medicine," Harvard researchers surveyed nearly 3,000
households across Puerto Rico.
They found a 62 percent increase in the mortality rate by comparing what happened three months
after the hurricane with the same time frame a year earlier.
The estimate finds the death toll could range from 800 to more than 8,000.
The study attributes one-third of the excess deaths to delayed or interrupted health care.
Hurricane Maria's 150 mile-per-hour winds destroyed Puerto Rico's already struggling
power grid, shuttering hospitals and elderly care facilities.
Communities were isolated entirely by damaged roads.
And residents were left for weeks, if not months without access to water, cellular service,
medical care and power.
Initially, the territory reported only 16 people died from the storm.
In October of last year, President Trump visited the devastated island and celebrated the initial
numbers in comparison to those from Hurricane Katrina.
DONALD TRUMP, President of the United States: You can be very proud of all of your people,
all of our people working together, 16 vs. literally thousands of people.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Critics were skeptical of the official count even when it increased.
GOV.
RICARDO ROSSELLO, Puerto Rico: It could be the case.
JUDY WOODRUFF: When Puerto Rico's Governor Ricardo Rossello appeared on the "NewsHour"
last October, he acknowledged the death toll might climb, but didn't suggest how dramatic
it could be.
GOV.
RICARDO ROSSELLO: You have to brace yourself for the reality that that number could certainly
increase.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Under pressure, Rossello enlisted researchers at George Washington University
to review their death certification process this winter to guarantee an accurate death
toll.
Today, Puerto Rico's Federal Affairs Administration says those findings will be released soon.
Let's learn more about why the death toll is likely much higher and how getting medical
care and treatment remains a problem on the island.
Sarah Varney of Kaiser Health News is in Puerto Rico with our team for a joint series of stories
about health care there.
And she joins me now.
Sarah, welcome back to the program.
This new estimate number is so much higher than the official count.
And then there's a range.
How confident are researchers at Harvard that they have got this right?
SARAH VARNEY: The researchers say this is a very typical way that you would try and
count disaster-related deaths, that you would do what's called a community survey, where
you would go into in this case 3,000 homes and then you would extrapolate from those
3,000 homes to the island of Puerto Rico.
And so they say they're quite confident.
Yes, the range is quite large, but they say that's pretty typical of these types of community
surveys.
JUDY WOODRUFF: So what are some examples of the kinds of deaths that the researchers believe
are a direct result of the hurricane, but that were not part of the official count?
SARAH VARNEY: Well, if you look at the study, they believe about a third of the deaths are
the result of a delay in medical care or not getting medical care at all.
And I can tell you this is now my second trip down the Puerto Rico.
I was here for several weeks a couple months ago and spent quite a bit of time up in the
mountains that have been hardest-hit, places that -- actually, just we were at a home yesterday,
and they just got their power back two days ago.
And in the home, they have a 92-year-old woman.
She has Alzheimer's.
She's had a heart attack.
She's bedridden.
You have people up in the mountains who need respirators or nebulizers.
They need sleep apnea machine.
And they have been unable to plug these things in.
People who don't have -- haven't had any refrigeration, of course, because they haven't had any electricity.
Puerto Rico has a very high rate of diabetes, so many people I have met around Puerto Rico
are diabetic and have had to take other measures to try and keep their insulin cool.
We have seen a worsening of many kind of chronic conditions, whether it's hypertension from
all of the canned foods that people are eating, because people can't go and buy fresh foods
and keep them in their refrigerator, or perhaps their asthma has gotten out of control or
their diabetes is out of control.
I met a man who has been having a very difficult time keeping the diabetic ulcers on his feet
properly clean.
We have met a lot of people who are bedridden who need to be on these inflatable mattresses,
and they haven't been able to inflate the mattresses, so they have been getting ulcers,
which is worsening their conditions.
I met another woman up in the mountains who had -- a gentleman who, because he had sleep
apnea and was unable to plug in his machine, he slept outside on his driveway at night,
and he died.
So that's an example of a death that wouldn't have absolutely been in the government's list
of disaster-related deaths, but clearly that's what these researchers were intending to get
at, those kinds of deaths that were accelerated or exacerbated because of the hurricane.
JUDY WOODRUFF: So not always a lack of access to medical care or a medical center or a doctor,
but often things that happen in their own home.
SARAH VARNEY: Well, there is an incredibly high burden of chronic disease here in Puerto
Rico.
You have to remember Puerto Rico, if it were a state, it would be the poorest state in
the country.
Half of the population here is on Medicaid.
The burden of diabetes, of hypertension, of asthma, all sorts of things is just that much
higher here.
So, then you add in Hurricane Maria, you add in seven, eight months without electricity
or without water or without communication.
People haven't been able to use cell phones or landlines have been down.
So the burden of Maria, plus the burden already of chronic disease and poverty on the island
has really just been too much for so many households to bear.
JUDY WOODRUFF: And, Sarah, this survey extended through the end of 2017.
We are now six months into 2018.
What are circumstances right now like?
SARAH VARNEY: Well, I can tell you that the government puts out these reports every day
of the percentage of households that have electricity back.
And it always sounds very uplifting, 92 percent, 95 percent.
But you have to remember that that 5 percent, those are individual households.
You may have five, 10 people living in individual households.
So, still, there are tens of thousands of people living here in Puerto Rico, particularly
up in the mountains -- we're right down here in Ponce today, which is on the southern part
of the island.
But we have just come down from the mountains, where we were interviewing people over the
last several days.
And there are people up there, as I said, who just got power back or who still don't
have power.
They're also -- the roads are still in quite bad condition.
People here, you have to remember, hurricane season starts on Friday, on June 1.
So you see crews now up in the mountains.
They're scraping the sides of the mountains to try and prevent further mudslides from
happening.
But there were many communities up there in Adjuntas, in Castaner, in Utuado that were
blocked off after the hurricane for weeks at a time.
So people who had emergencies in those situations obviously were unable to get down the mountain,
unable to get to the hospitals.
I was at a hospital a while ago up in Castaner that was still running off of a generator
just a few months ago.
And, yes, power is back now largely throughout many parts of the island, but if you will
remember, just a few weeks ago there was a power outage across the entire island.
More than three million people lost their power.
So even people who are getting power back now are very skittish about it.
A woman I interviewed yesterday, I asked her to show me what was in her refrigerator.
She was so excited that she could finally buy vegetables and milk and have eggs.
And she said, yes, like, you can see that I have lettuce now in my refrigerator, but
I don't buy too much because I'm worried that somehow the power is going to go back out.
So people are still very skittish and very anxious, especially as we head into hurricane
season, just starting this Friday, June 1.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Such a tough story.
Sarah Varney with Kaiser Health News reporting for the "NewsHour," thank you, Sarah.
SARAH VARNEY: Oh, my pleasure.
Thank you.
JUDY WOODRUFF: More than 8,000 Starbucks stores closed down across the country today so that
its employees, 180,000-plus, could get anti-bias training.
This comes after an incident last month that raises again the question of individual biases
in all of us.
Yamiche Alcindor begins with this update.
YAMICHE ALCINDOR: The implicit racial bias training that Starbucks is doing today is
aimed at reducing racial discrimination and stereotypes, even those we may harbor unconsciously
WOMAN: We understand that racial and systematic bias have many causes, sources, and ways of
showing up within each of us.
YAMICHE ALCINDOR: As seen in this video from Starbucks, the training is grounded in the
idea that communities thrive when there is a -- quote -- "third place" other than home
or work to congregate.
It includes an introduction by the rapper Common.
COMMON, Rapper: Helping people see each other fully, completely, respectfully.
YAMICHE ALCINDOR: The action by Starbucks comes after an incident in April that sparked
national outrage and protests.
A store manager at this Philadelphia Starbucks called the police on two black men who were
there for a business meeting.
But the manager became alarmed after they requested a bathroom key without ordering
anything.
The men explained they were waiting on a friend's arrival to order.
But by the time the friend arrived, the men were in handcuffs, arrested for trespassing.
The company released a video apology after the arrest.
KEVIN JOHNSON, CEO, Starbucks: I want to begin by offering a personal apology to the two
gentlemen who were arrested in our store.
YAMICHE ALCINDOR: Today, on "CBS This Morning," Starbucks chairman and founder Howard Schultz
responded to some skepticism that the training is a P.R. stunt and doesn't go far enough.
HOWARD SCHULTZ, Founder, Starbucks: As I shared with you in Philadelphia, it was a reprehensible
situation that we took complete ownership of, and something that really was embarrassing,
horrifying and all the issues we talked about that day.
It's interesting for us to be criticized for us doing it for four hours.
It's just the beginning.
What we have said to our board, to our shareholders is that we're deeply committed to making this
part of everything we do.
We hire 100,000 new people a year.
This is going to be part of the ongoing training.
We're going to globalize this.
YAMICHE ALCINDOR: For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Yamiche Alcindor.
JUDY WOODRUFF: For a closer look at this issue and how much training or education can do
to help people overcome it, we turn to two people closely involved in these issues.
Amrita Chakrabarti Myers is an associate professor of history and gender studies at Indiana University.
She's currently on a fellowship at the Johnson Institute for the Study of Race and Difference
at Emory University.
And Patricia Devine is a professor of psychology and director of the Prejudice and Intergroup
Relations Lab at the University of Wisconsin.
And we welcome both of you to the "NewsHour."
Amrita Myers, I'm going to start with you.
Let's talk about bias.
I think it's safe to assume we all have bias inside of us.
We're human.
How do you define it?
Where does it come from?
AMRITA CHAKRABARTI MYERS, Indiana University: Thanks, Judy.
It's a pleasure to be on.
And, yes, I think you're right, Judy.
We -- we soak bias in through the very culture that we live in, Judy.
And for those of us who are born and raised in the United States, we certainly get it
from our families, from our parents.
We soak it in from media, television, news, books, our teachers in our classrooms.
And we call it implicit or unconscious because it's done so subtly that we're not even aware
that we're picking it up.
And by the time we're adult, we have these unconscious ideas or thoughts or stereotypes.
If you were to ask someone if they're racist or if they have bias against a group of people,
like African-Americans, they may well say to you no, but then they may well have these
stereotypes.
1 It might be something as small as thinking that all African-Americans like watermelon
or fried chicken, or it might be something far more damaging or severe, thinking that
African-American men are dangerous, are criminals.
They -- people might clutch their bags, for example, unconsciously and may not even be
aware of it when African-Americans pass by them on the street or when they get onto an
elevator with them.
And these are things that they may not be aware of, but they have picked up these ideas
from the culture in which they reside.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Patricia Devine, you accept the idea that most people don't realize they
have these biases inside of them.
PATRICIA DEVINE, University of Wisconsin: I do.
In fact, I would argue that most people don't want to have those biases.
They intend to be non-prejudiced or non-biased.
And yet, as the previous guest was describing, they have learned stereotypes, they have picked
them up from cultures, to the point that they get so deeply entrenched in their minds, that
they become default or habitual ways of thinking about others.
And I use the metaphor of habits of mind as the starting point for understanding the problem
and also as a starting point for trying to address how one might reduce the tendency
to show these unintentional forms of bias.
JUDY WOODRUFF: So, Patricia Devine, staying with you, how then do you get people to recognize
it and then get them to begin to change their thinking, change their behavior?
PATRICIA DEVINE: Well, the first thing is to get people just to notice that, in fact,
spontaneously and unintentionally, they make assumptions about other people.
Their conscious minds may not approve, but once they become tuned into these types of
biases and are made aware of them, then they come to understand them as a problem to be
addressed.
And once they accept that -- and one point to really recognize here is that having these
biases doesn't make people bad people.
It makes them rather ordinary, having been socialized into a culture where these biases
are embedded into the very fabric of our society.
They're picking up the messages.
They're not bad people.
They're ordinary.
And that once you understand the problem that way, you can make a commitment to change,
and you can start to think about the change process.
If they are habits of mind, they can be broken like other habits can.
And there's a number of interrelated factors that have to be set in place.
People have to care.
They have to be motivated.
They have to want to do something.
Without motivation, nothing will happen.
They need to become tuned into, aware, and notice when they're vulnerable to displaying
biases.
They have to have some tools and strategies to do something else, to disrupt that habitual
way of thinking.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Right.
PATRICIA DEVINE: And then, like breaking any other habit, they are going to have to put
effort into it over time.
It's not something that happens all at once.
There's not sort of a quick fix or a silver bullet, but we can empower people to make
the change, and we can provide them with assistance in the process to overcome these unintentional
biases.
JUDY WOODRUFF: So, Amrita Myers, I see you nodding for -- while you're listening to her.
You're saying -- both of you are saying it is possible to change behavior.
It just takes work and it takes a desire on the part of the person.
AMRITA CHAKRABARTI MYERS: Absolutely.
I think you have to want to do these things.
You have to be willing.
I talk to my students about these things all the time.
I teach African-American history.
I teach black women's history.
I teach classes on slavery.
And every semester, I have students who come in who have never taken these classes before
who will openly express the fact that they have never gone to school with students of
color, who have never had teachers of color.
And they're often very resistant to the very material I'm teaching.
And they will often say that they have never heard this material, that they often think
it's not even true, because they have come from school districts where they have actually
been taught alternative material.
And so they find it hard to believe what they're reading, what they're hearing from their classmates
and their experiences.
And yet, over the course of the semester, being in small groups and reading this material,
reading primary documents, hearing about their classmates' experiences, hearing from me,
they begin to open up, and they begin to learn another way.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Can one session change someone?
Can it change your thinking?
AMRITA CHAKRABARTI MYERS: No, I think what one session can do is, it can cause an epiphany.
It's a beginning.
But it has to be -- it's a start.
One day cannot do anything but be a beginning, but a beginning is important.
Right?
It has to be the beginning of a lifelong process.
But we have seen that happen with people.
There are -- many of us have read stories online of people who used to be white supremacists
who are now engaged with organizations like the NAACP, the Equal Justice Initiative, and
other wonderful organizations, who are now working with others to bring about change.
Right?
They have amazing transformational stories.
But it all begins with a single step.
What Starbucks has done today is taken a first step.
But it has to be the first step in another -- in a long process.
JUDY WOODRUFF: And just quickly, Patricia Devine, you agree, one session is at least
a start, it's a good thing?
PATRICIA DEVINE: I think it's not the issue of whether it's one session.
The issue is whether it engages people in a deep and meaningful way in the issues and
it provides them with tools that can empower them to create a self-sustaining process of
change that can last over time.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Patricia Devine, Amrita Myers, we thank you both.
PATRICIA DEVINE: Thank you so much.
AMRITA CHAKRABARTI MYERS: Thank you, Judy.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Even as Starbucks closed its doors for a few hours today for that training,
another major company, ABC Entertainment, had to deal with race and an offensive outburst
by one of its stars.
As William Brangham reports, ABC is suddenly parting ways with Roseanne Barr and her show,
which has been the network's most popular program this season.
WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Barr's tweet this morning went after Valerie Jarrett, a former senior
adviser to President Obama and a black woman.
It said, in essence, that if -- quote -- "The Muslim Brotherhood and Planet of the Apes
had a baby," that child would be Ms. Jarrett.
Barr tried to apologize, but, hours later, ABC canceled her series, which had just finished
its run, but was scheduled to return again next year.
Eric Deggans covers TV and culture for NPR.
He joins me now.
Eric, this obviously is not the first time that Roseanne Barr has said incendiary things.
She has issued racist tweets in the past.
She has promoted awful and vile conspiracy theories.
But I guess this was too much for ABC.
What do you make of their decision?
ERIC DEGGANS, National Public Radio: Well, this was first time she had done something
like that in the wake of the show's revival airing on ABC.
And it happened at a time when all eyes were on diversity issues.
This is the day that Starbucks, for example, chose to retrain a bunch of its workers in
the wake of its own problems with racism.
So I think ABC acted swiftly, sent a message that open racism wouldn't be tolerated, even
if it was expressed by one of its biggest stars.
And given that ABC is owned by Disney, I think perhaps they acted to counter something that
went counter to the Disney brand, which is all about inclusion, inclusivity, family-friendly
programming.
It seemed as if they had to act to preserve their larger brand.
WILLIAM BRANGHAM: It seems when they recommissioned this reboot of "Roseanne" in the first place,
they did the calculus that the risk of bringing someone like Roseanne on board was worth the
reward, in essence.
But, today, it seems that that calculus just flipped up on its head.
ERIC DEGGANS: Exactly.
What we're finding with social media and also the level of political conflict that's out
there is that a statement like this can be recycled endlessly and can create a tremendous
amount of backlash.
I had heard on another news channel that the Reverend Al Sharpton was thinking of perhaps
organizing a boycott.
I think there were other people who may have been considering similar things, trying to
get ABC's attention by going to the advertisers who had patronized "Roseanne."
So perhaps there was a sense that they wanted to act quickly to forestall something like
that as well.
WILLIAM BRANGHAM: This whole "Roseanne" reboot was in some ways sold as an effort to put
a prominent Trump supporter on television and to give a window into Trump's America.
Now that she is pushed out and the show is canceled, what do you think that effort -- what
happens to that effort among network executives?
ERIC DEGGANS: Well, I'm not sure that the show was actually doing that.
I wrote a column for NPR.org that was published last week where I called that show and that
idea the biggest head-fake in television.
I think they had a few jokes in the very first episode of the revival that spoke to Roseanne
Conner's -- the character being a Trump supporter, but they never really addressed it after that.
I do think that because Roseanne Barr, the real-life person, is a Trump supporter, they
thought it might make sense to have at least one episode where Roseanne Conner talked about
being a Trump supporter, and that they might get support from Trump viewers if they played
that balance delicately.
But what we have seen is that Roseanne Barr, the person, can be volatile.
I think, in the end , ABC was caught in a situation where they gave a star a platform
who had already said some incendiary things, and she said more incendiary things, and they
had to act.
WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Eric Deggans of NPR, thank you.
ERIC DEGGANS: Thank you.
JUDY WOODRUFF: If you are poor in America, you likely know it's a condition that can
create a cycle of struggle that lasts generations.
As John Yang reports, to break that trend, it is not just a matter of finding a good
job, but also keeping it.
And new challenges can arise by having a steady paycheck.
This story is part of our Chasing the Dream series on poverty and opportunity.
JOHN YANG: At a job training and coaching program in Chicago called Cara, every morning
begins with something called Motivations.
Their goal?
To ring that bell, a signal that they have gotten a job.
Last October, Mariel Corona first sought help at Cara, which means friend in Gaelic.
At first, she didn't think it was a good fit.
MARIEL CORONA, Cara Participant: I was kind of sitting there and thinking, what the hell
is going on?
Why are people clapping?
Why are people thinking?
What does this have to do with job search?
What does this have to do a professional development?
JOHN YANG: Now that you have been through it, What does it have to do with job placement
or professional development?
MARIEL CORONA: Everything.
It was -- transformations is what we go through the first four weeks of the Cara program.
And it basically all begins with the motivations.
It's pretty much working yourself from the inside out.
That has had such a positive impact on my family.
My life took on a new beginning.
JOHN YANG: For most of the people at Cara, getting a job can be a new beginning.
Unlike Corona, many have battled addictions or been in prison.
Despite their differences, she found a common struggle.
MARIEL CORONA: We're all in the same boat as far as fixing yourself up and repairing
yourself from the inside out, that we have all had -- life throws a curveball to all
of us, and maybe we didn't know how to cope or how to deal with it or just didn't want
to overcome it.
JOHN YANG: In her former job as a university administrator, Corona began going to work
late and missing days altogether as she dealt with a family issue.
She ended up getting fired, filling her with self-doubt.
MARIEL CORONA: When I was terminated, that was just like a punch in the gut.
I just felt like a failure.
I had never been terminated from any position before.
I was pretty much a rock star in my jobs.
JOHN YANG: And I imagine that that can't be a very good place to be looking a job.
If you're not feeling good about yourself, you can't make a prospective employer feel
good about you.
MARIEL CORONA: Exactly.
You can't sell yourself, you know, because you're just selling a bunch of lies.
You know, you're saying, oh, I'm very confident, I'm outgoing.
And, no, you're not.
You know, it's just -- it's just on the surface.
JOHN YANG: Now she's had three job interviews.
On this day, she prepared for another one with a coach.
She's regained her confidence and refreshed skills like resume building and time management.
Most in the program are looking for their first permanent job.
For them, Cara specializes in finding transitional jobs, entry-level positions to give them not
only specific skills and work experience and a paycheck, but also the personal attributes
they will need to hold a long-term job, what are called soft skills, like time management
and handling conflicts with co-workers.
There are similar programs in 25 other states.
It's an idea that goes back to the Great Depression, when the New Deal Works Progress Administration,
known as the WPA, hired the unemployed to build the country's infrastructure.
Shovel-ready was the term President Obama used during the recession that began in 2008,
infrastructure projects ready to go.
Now it's seen as part of the solution to helping people facing the biggest hurdles to landing
a job, a criminal background or a spotty employment record.
Cara helps with both.
The idea is, if a person can hold down a job for one year, they can find a job elsewhere.
Their success rate?
About 70 percent.
The organization says that's higher than retention rates nationally.
Maria Kim is the president and CEO of Cara.
What's the bigger challenge, getting the job or holding the job for a year?
MARIA KIM, President and CEO, Cara: You know, I really think it's keeping the job over the
long term.
Our focus in that first year of employment is combating all of the challenges that might
come in the way, a housing situation going awry, child care going awry.
Might -- the negative actors in your life might emerge in a new way and tempt you again.
You know we really need to be able to combat those new challenges.
JOHN YANG: And so you take a very broad view of preparing someone for a job.
MARIA KIM: We think of skills like love and forgiveness and conflict resolution as actually
the harder skills.
Others might think, oh, these things that you're talking about, time management, your
self-esteem, all that stuff, those are the soft skills.
We think of them as the harder skills, because if we can navigate those, than the rest of
things become a little bit easier.
JOHN YANG: How common is this sort of holistic approach?
MARIA KIM: You know, we could always use more.
Right?
There are 600,000 people living below the poverty line in the greater Chicagoland area,
just to give you a sense of the need here.
But where the money is coming from for us is from private investors, private philanthropy,
but also our own social enterprises.
So, we own and operate our own for-profit businesses that help not just generate revenue,
but create jobs for our folks as well.
JOHN YANG: Those business, a street cleaning service and a temp staffing agency, are the
first destination for many of the people who go to Cara.
They also generate about 42 percent of the organization's budget.
Emmett Hasey lives in a modest studio apartment with his wife of five months.
They met at a Christian recovery mission.
He spent more than a third of his 58 years in prison.
He's overcome drug and alcohol addiction and has been clean and sober since 2010.
EMMETT HASEY, Cara Participant: I know that I didn't have to do things wrong to achieve
the things that I want to achieve in life.
And what I want to achieve in life is three things, food, clothes, and shelter.
That's all I want, food, clothes, and shelter.
Now, if I can get that, I'm happy.
I'm happy with that.
JOHN YANG: He has all three, and found love on top of it.
EMMETT HASEY: When I go to work, I just love just to look up in the clouds and look at
the scenery.
There's a lot of beautiful things if you keep your head up in the sky.
JOHN YANG: Hasey works for one of Cara's biggest partners, the Chicago Transit Authority's
Second Chance Program.
People with troubled pasts work a year cleaning buses and trains.
Since 2011, about 250 participants have been hired by the CTA into full-time jobs such
as train and bus operators.
Some have even risen into management.
EMMETT HASEY: What I gained from Cara is the opportunity.
The opportunity changed my life.
But you have to be able to prepare yourself, and you have to be able to be available to
do the things that you need to be doing.
They're an opportunity, but then you got to do the full work.
If I keep just doing what I'm doing, in the end, something positive is going to come.
JOHN YANG: It's hope for many people like Hasey who are trying to get back on their
feet.
Combined with good wages and social safety nets, transitional jobs like these are seen
as keys to helping people get out of poverty and ring that bell of success.
For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm John Yang in Chicago.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Now to immigration.
You have probably seen the headlines in the past few days about what is happening to children
who cross the U.S. border without legal documents.
We want to take a moment to look deeper at what we know about current policy and who
is being affected.
Amna Nawaz explains.
AMNA NAWAZ: Last month, Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced his Justice Department,
specifically prosecutors in the Southwest, would take a zero tolerance policy and pursue
more criminal prosecutions, instead of civil proceedings, against migrants crossing the
border illegally.
JEFF SESSIONS, U.S. Attorney General: If you cross the border unlawfully, even a first
offense, then we're going to prosecute you.
AMNA NAWAZ: But those prosecutions in general have consequences for the migrants' children.
When a parent is taken into custody to face prosecution, any children with them, by law,
are placed in the care of a federal agency, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
or HHS, which houses them in temporary shelters.
JEFF SESSIONS: If you don't want your child to be separated, then don't bring them across
the border illegally.
It's not our fault that somebody does that.
AMNA NAWAZ: How many children have been separated from their parents?
The numbers aren't clear.
The New York Times previously reported that -- quote -- "More than 700 children have been
taken from adults claiming to be their parents, including more than a hundred under the age
of 4."
That was for a period from October 2017 to April 2018, the same month Sessions announced
more criminal prosecutions for illegal entries.
And more prosecutions means more families will be separated.
Once they're separated from their parents, those children become classified as unaccompanied
minors.
Still other children arrive alone at the border.
Last fiscal year alone, U.S. agents took more than 41,000 unaccompanied children into custody.
And it's up to HHS to place them in safe settings, with preference given to family, as the children
await proceedings.
Last year, HHS tried to contact thousands of those kids and their sponsors, but couldn't
find them all.
The head of the office in charge of their placement was asked about that on Capitol
Hill.
SEN.
ROB PORTMAN (R), Ohio: About 1,475 kids out of 7,000 roughly that you called, you had
no idea where they were.
That's not 100 percent.
That about 19 percent totally unaccounted for.
Why did you say 100 percent?
STEVEN WAGNER, Acting Assistant Secretary for Administration for Children and Families:
I was trying to illustrate to the senator that immediately upon release we know everyone
is, and then time and tides intervene to change that.
AMNA NAWAZ: That prompted headlines and a social media outcry.
HHS now says those nearly 1,500 kids aren't lost.
They just didn't answer their 30-day follow-up phone call, a step HHS said it recently added
to check on their well-being.
But what do we know about those children?
We know many arrived alone at the southern border, and that most were from Honduras,
Guatemala or El Salvador, according to government data.
And on top of all this, of course, is the reality migrants face once in custody.
And on that point, Judy, there have been a number of recent reports documenting really
a pattern of alleged mistreatment in detention.
It's everything from inhumane and unsanitary conditions, all the way to verbal, physical
and sexual abuse.
And that's not just for adults.
That's also in the case of children in custody.
JUDY WOODRUFF: And, certainly, all that requires -- is going to require and calls for more
reporting.
AMNA NAWAZ: Absolutely.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Amna Nawaz, thank you.
The MeToo movement has ignited many conversations about appropriate behavior in households,
companies, and in schools.
From PBS station WGBH in Boston, Cristina Quinn went to one high school to see what
students were being taught.
It's part of our weekly series Making the Grade.
JESS ALDER, Start Strong Boston: Hand-to-hand.
All right, foot-to-foot.
CRISTINA QUINN: Tenth graders at New Mission High School in Hyde Park kick off their class
with an ice-breaker game called partner-to-partner, led by Jess Alder and Taquari Milton.
JESS ALDER: Back of the head to back of the head.
Nose to nose.
No?
CRISTINA QUINN: The point of the exercise is to start a discussion about boundaries
and reading nonverbal cues through body language.
JESS ALDER: How many people felt comfortable hand-to-hand?
Everybody.
What made that comfortable?
What made that OK?
It felt safe.
It felt at home.
What about when I said belly-to-belly?
CRISTINA QUINN: Jess Alder is acting program director of Start Strong Boston, a program
run out of the Boston Public Health Commission's Division of Violence Prevention.
She says she and Milton use real issues and platforms like the MeToo movement to open
up discussions about what constitutes a healthy relationship.
JESS ALDER: It can be really confusing.
If a young girl talks about how some boy is teasing her at school, her guardians, teachers
will often say, oh, that just means they like you.
They will just brush it off.
And that's putting the women in a position of like, OK, it's OK for me to be treated
that way.
And it's also giving assent to guys that are kind of picking on somebody to get their attention.
CRISTINA QUINN: Program coordinator Taquari Milton says when he talks to teens, he sees
that many of them are confused about what consent really means.
TAQUARI MILTON, Start Strong Boston: Boys like saying, oh, she's playing around because
she doesn't want to give it up, like certain comments like that.
It's like, no, she's just not comfortable.
Like, you need to have consent and like actual stuff like that.
CRISTINA QUINN: Alder and Milton visit middle and high schools throughout the city, and
in each visit, they address topics ranging from the various forms of abuse to barriers
the LGBTQ community faces.
They also explore how rape accusations divide a high school through their web series "The
Halls."
ACTRESS: She want it, she got it.
You don't have to start worrying about me.
CRISTINA QUINN: Nate, a New Mission High sophomore, says he appreciates how candid the class is
and admits he thought he knew more than he did about boundaries.
NATE, Student: I thought I had a strong grasp, but today showed me that I really don't.
You don't always know what consent is.
Like, sometimes, your consent is different from somebody else's consent.
CRISTINA QUINN: These are the takeaways that Jen Slonaker, V.P. of education at Planned
Parenthood Massachusetts, is hoping the healthy youth act will further cultivate.
JEN SLONAKER, Planned Parenthood Massachusetts: When young people are given the skills and
the information to have healthy relationships, whether it's friendships or relationships
with trusted adults early in their life, they are going to be that much better able to negotiate
romantic or sexual relationships later.
CRISTINA QUINN: Last summer, the Senate passed this bill, which mandates all sex education
in Massachusetts be age-appropriate and medically accurate.
It's now pending in the House.
But even without legislation, Jess Alder of Start Strong says the discussions around consent
and sexual assault has helped changed students' attitudes over time.
JESS ALDER: What I have noticed most with young people that are able to stay in our
program for a handful of years is the direction, that they go from victim blaming to becoming
an upstander in the field.
CRISTINA QUINN: Something most agree we could use more of.
For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Cristina Quinn in Boston.
JUDY WOODRUFF: Finally tonight, hitting the right note.
Special correspondent Fred de Sam Lazaro returns to a remote Himalayan community in India for
a story of promise and success.
REV.
PAUL D'SOUZA, School Director: Good morning, everyone.
STUDENTS: Good morning.
REV.
PAUL D'SOUZA: Today, we have a very special guest.
She's not really a guest.
She's one of our own, Kushmita.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Kushmita Biswakarma came home to her alma mater one recent morning,
an unlikely journey from an unusual school that we first visited 14 years ago.
It was early in early 2004, just as the school's founder, Canadian Jesuit priest Ed McGuire,
was choosing his next kindergarten class, screening a crowd of 5-year-olds.
Most of their anxious parents had never set foot in a school.
Father McGuire was looking in particular for the last name Biswakarma, as in Kushmita Biswakarma,
which is common among people on the lowest rung of the traditional social hierarchy.
REV.
ED MCGUIRE, School Founder: We're trying to pick the poorest we can find.
If someone comes and tells me, "My name is Biswakarma," then they've met 80 percent of
our entrance tests that we have here.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Admission meant a meal ticket.
REV.
ED MCGUIRE: It's a rather well-balanced meal, plain, but very nutritious.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Good nutrition was essential for learning, Father McGuire said, but good
learning to get children to love school would take something more.
So, every child, almost from day one, was given a violin.
Most of the students had never heard the instrument before.
But their progress was easy to measure as you went up to higher grades.
REV.
ED MCGUIRE: I would bet you that 95 percent of the children I have here have never owned
a toy.
All these children can do is sit around and play Mozart.
Lucky kids.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: The luckiest, perhaps, was Kushmita Biswakarma, whom we visited with
her parents, sharecropper farmers, living in a tiny tin-roof home.
NARMAYA BISWAKARMA, Mother of Kushmita Biswakarma (through translator): We are happy, very happy.
BALBADHUR BISWAKARMA, Father of Kushmita Biswakarma (through translator): We, of course, didn't
have a chance to study.
Now they are able to get an education.
They can have a better life than we did.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Kushmita was well on her way until the tutelage of a German volunteer
teacher.
An eighth grader here, she would soon make an unimaginable leap for someone of her background,
high school in Germany.
She lived with the family of her mentor, Margaret Klein (ph).
Aside from high school, she was also accepted into a prestigious conservatory in Munich,
getting a formal music education.
She also used her keen ear to rapidly pick up the language, excitedly telling a friend
here on home video about how her exams went.
But, back home, just a few months later in 2005, there was terrible news.
Father McGuire, the school's founder, died suddenly of a heart attack.
He was 77.
REV.
PAUL D'SOUZA: He was a much loved person by children, by people here in Kalimpong.
It was a big loss for everyone, and more so because it was so untimely.
No one expected Father McGuire to go so suddenly.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: That must have been very tough on you.
REV.
PAUL D'SOUZA: Yes, because, I mean, we had to tell everyone that I am not Father McGuire.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Father Paul D'Souza says the transition was painful and there was very
little money, especially after the school's original building became unsafe following
earthquakes in the region.
Money from German Jesuit organizations built a new and expanding campus.
Through it all, Father D'Souza says, the school has tried to be faithful to Father McGuire's
mission.
REV.
PAUL D'SOUZA: Music is used as a medium which is central to all that happens in Gandhi Ashram,
to give them the joy, to give them the confidence, and help them focus in life, on their studies.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: You like the violin a lot?
STUDENT: Yes.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Father D'Souza says music can start these children dreaming, aspiring
to futures their parents could never fathom.
STUDENT: I would like to become an engineer.
STUDENT: Army.
STUDENT: Doctor.
STUDENT: A teacher.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: However, the poster alum for the school, fittingly, is now a professional
musician.
Kushmita Biswakarma went on to earn bachelor's and master's degrees in music performance
from the University of Nuremberg.
She's performed before audiences across Germany and Europe.
But performing at Gandhi Ashram, her school, is something different, she says.
KUSHMITA BISWAKARMA, Musician: I'm sorry.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: The tears brought on by a flood of memories of a profoundly special
childhood, she said.
KUSHMITA BISWAKARMA: Takes me back to my days when I entered the school, very new, fresh.
I got the violin for the first time in my hand.
It reminds me of where I come from.
And that keeps me grounded.
I feel home.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Her German education is geared more to a career path in Europe and
Western classical music.
But that urge to feel grounded and home drove her to return permanently to India two years
ago.
She's worked to expand her repertoire after, trying to establish herself in India's music
capital, Mumbai, where the Bollywood film industry is also the main source of popular
music.
KUSHMITA BISWAKARMA: I needed to find out myself like where exactly I -- at last I belonged
to, because it is quite difficult being in the middle of two big cultures like India
and Germany.
And you have to be you.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: A year ago, she married Tilak K.C., whom she met on a flight to Germany.
A native of neighboring Nepal who also grew up poor, he got a scholarship to attend college.
He now teaches economics at a private high school in Mumbai and edits videos of his wife's
performance.
TILAK K.C., Husband of Kushmita Biswakarma: It still blows my mind, to be honest, actually
what she has done here, because very few people can claim to have started from the point where
she did and have achieved this.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Kushmita's parents still live in the same home, happy, they say, for
the future of their three daughters, particularly proud of their oldest.
BALBADHUR BISWAKARMA (through translator): We were very fortunate to get them into Gandhi
Ashram.
NARMAYA BISWAKARMA (through translator): Kushmita is both like an eldest daughter and eldest
son.
She's done everything and everything possible for the family.
KUSHMITA BISWAKARMA: I would want to build them house.
I would want to buy land for them, because they don't have their own land.
And they have been staying in other people's land.
And my parents work for those people, and I don't want them to do that anymore.
FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Giving back is part of the culture here, Kushmita says, to family
and to the school community, whose pupils are often the first in their family with a
real chance to escape generational poverty.
"Music touches the soul," she told them, and showed them.
For the "PBS NewsHour," this is Fred de Sam Lazaro in Kalimpong, India.
JUDY WOODRUFF: What a wonderful story.
Fred's reporting is a partnership with the Under-Told Stories Project at University of
St. Thomas in Minnesota.
And that's the "NewsHour" for tonight.
What a great note to end on.
I'm Judy Woodruff.
For all of us at the "PBS NewsHour," thank you, and we'll see you soon.
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