- Hello folks!! Polyglot Road is here!
- We are together, guys!
- How are you doing? My name is Valentina.
- And my name is Marcão!
- In today's episode, Polyglot Road
finally comes to Africa!
We went to Senegal and learned a little bit of Wolof.
- The westernmost country in continental Africa is beautiful,
has delicious cuisine and a warm-hearted people.
- Did you know that words like banana and yam come from Wolof?
- We went to Dakar and had a very interesting conversation
with today's guest, Anne-Marie.
- In the challenges, don't miss Marcão having adventures in cars rapides,
Senegal's colorful minibuses,
and I enjoyed the ancestral drum tradition of Western Africa
and learned how to play djembe with our friend Ibou!
- Well, guys, do not forget to like our video down here,
- And please subscribe to our channel!
WHERE IS IT?
- Senegal is a country located in the extreme western part of Africa
and has borders to Mauritania, to Mali, to Guinea, to Guinea-Bissau e to Gambia.
It consists mostly of sandy plains of the Sahel region.
The capital Dakar is located in the Cape Verde Peninsula, the westernmost point in continental Africa.
You have already heard about Senegalese heat, right?
In the capital that notion is exaggerated.
In winter, maximum temperature in Dakar
is usually 25 degrees Celsius and in summer, 30 degrees.
Further inland, well, that's a whole different story,
esspecially close to the Malian border.
There, summer can get to 52 degrees Celsius,
although it is not damp. Senegal is almost entirely semi-arid and very sunny.
In addition to the Atlantic Ocean, the country has important rivers
like Senegal river, on the border with Mauritania, and the Gambia, Casamance and Saloum rivers.
- The Senegal area in inhabited since pre-historic times.
The region had several kingdoms like Tekrur, and the Mali and Djolof Empires.
In 1677, the French established themselves
and took Gorée Island,
one of the departing points of the transatlantic slave traffic.
In the decade of 1850, France started to expand its dominion,
Dakar grew as a regional port and became the capital of
the entire French West Africa in 1902.
With the end of World War II, France
had to deal with the decolonization movements.
In April 1960,
Senegal became independent together with former
French Sudan, forming the Mali Federation.
The Federation lasted only four months,
and Senegal and Mali parted.
Senegal's first president,
Léopold Sédar Senghor, besides being a politician, was a respected poet
and one of the most important
African intellectuals of the 20th century.
He was succeeded by Abdou Diouf, Abdoulaye Wade and Macky Sall.
The country is until today the only one in Western Africa
and one of the few in Africa where
there never was a coup d'Etat
and the transition of power was always peaceful.
WHO LIVES THERE?
Senegal has around 15 million inhabitants,
in approximately the same area of the state of Paraná.
the biggest cities are Dakar, Touba, Thiès, Rufisque and Kaolack.
The country has a great variety of ethnic groups.
The Wolof are the largest group, with 43%.
The background is coming down!
The Fula and Toucouleur are 24%, being followed by Serer
besides other like Jola, Mandinka, Soninkes e Bassari.
Around 50 thousand Europeans, most of them French,
as well as Lebanese, Mauritanians and Morrocans,
live in Senegal. Regarding religion,
Senegal is a mostly Muslim country,
with 7% Christians
and 1% of traditional beliefs.
The currency in Senegal is CFA franc, the common currency of eight countries in West Africa.
This 10 thousand francs bill allows you to get five or six taxis
or take around 50 car rapide rides through the city.
The country has a mostly rural economy,
with the biggest production item being fisheries, phosphates and peanut.
Senegal headquarters banks and other regional institutions,
being a hub for logistics and transport among the nearby countries.
Tourism is one of the most developed in Africa and is an important source of income in Senegal.
The country receives around 1.5 million international tourists every year.
It has seven UNESCO World
Heritage Sites,
like famous Gorée Island, the historical center of Saint-Louis and the Saloum river delta.
Other points of interest are Dakar,
with the Mosque of Divinity and the African Renaissance Monument,
the holy Muslim city of Touba, the Lake Retba (Pink Lake),
and the beach resorts in the area of the Small Coast.
Some of Senegal's main dishes are: Ceebu Jen, made with rice,
fish and tomato sauce,
maafe, a peanut sauce stew,
and yassa, a lemon and onion sauce which usually comes with
rice and fish or chicken.
Regarding music, the country is
known by mbalax, a rhythm
made popular by names like Youssou N'Dour and Omar Pène.
Othe internationally known names are
Baaba Maal, Ismael Lô,
Cheikh Lô, Orchestre Baobab and Doudou Ndiaye Rose.
The drum tradition is strong in Senegal,
especially by means of typical musical instruments,
local or from the region such as the sabar,
the tama, the djembe, the kora and the balafon.
By the way, check it out,
we have a special video about percussion in Senegal
in Rota Express! We get to learn several cool rhythms
and also show some tam-tam professionals rocking in the desert!
Senegalese people are in love with physical exercises and with being fit.
For that reason, it is very common to meet on local beaches a lot of people working out.
In Dakar there is "Muscle Beach",
where hundreds of Senegalese men
fwork out in a synchronized way.
The most popular sport is not football,
but Senegalese wrestling.
The fights have enormous popularity in television and get stadiums full
and successful athletes are celebrities, like Yékini
and Balla Gaye 2.
Football is also popular, especially the national
team, known as the Lions of the Teranga.
Speaking of teranga, people are very welcoming!
For who is interested about going to Senegal,
we leave you, as usual, useful link here below
about visas, travel recommendations, general information
and other tips in this video's description.
WHAT IS SPOKEN?
- Wolof is one of the Atlantic languages of the Niger-Congo branch.
It is spoken by around 10 million people,
being around 5 million people native speakers.
Wolof is spoken in Senegal, in the Gambia and in Mauritania.
In Senegal, although French is also an official language,
Wolof is spoken by about 80% of the population.
It is a dicionarized language,
with an official regulatory entity.
The Portuguese were the first in Europe to get in regular contact with Senegalese peoples.
Because of that, several words in Wolof
come from Portuguese, like Tugal,
corrupted version of "Portugal" which means "Europe" in Wolof,
""paaka", "knife" in Wolof,
and names of regions and cities in Senegal like Rufisque, originally "Fresh River",
and Casamance, which comes from "Quiet House" in Portuguese.
On the other side, names of food like banana and yam come from Wolof,
as well as the word "yummy".
Some theories state that the expression "okay" comes from Wolof "waaw-kay",
or a "yes" with emphasis, having emerged in the USA by means of slaves of Wolof origin
in a time before the American Civil War.
Literature in Wolof is not very developed,
bearing inmind the historical tendency of known Senegalese writers,
like Léopold Sédar Senghor,
of writing primarily in French.
Even so, the first team of Senegalese authors, such as Mariama Ba,
Aminata Sow Fall, Boubacar Boris Diop and Ousmane Sembène
have books written in or translated to Wolof.
- This is the official Wolof alphabet,
a variation of the Latin alphabet, with 26 letters.
Why official?
First, because besides the official one, there is a long-standing orthography
used by the French colonizers, which is quite different,
as we can see for the different ways of writing the dish "ceebu jën".
which literally means "rice and fish".
Secondly, because there are two other alphabets used for writing this language.
The first of them is Wolofal, a variation of Arabic script
developed for Wolof before French colonization,
which still exists in some parts of the country.
The second is Garay script, an alphabet
exclusively designed for Wolof,
invented in 1962
and written from the right to the left.
Although it is interesting and Wolof-exclusive,
Garay script has not become popular
and is rarely used.
An interesting trait of Wolof is
pronominal conjugation instead of verbal.
The verb has no tenses, the pronoun has them.
There is "I" in the past, "I" in the future, "I" while doing something...
Let's go then to Senegal to learn some more Wolof?
WHO TEACHES IT?
- Hey there folks, welcome once more to Polyglot Road!
We are here today with Anne-Marie.
- I am very happy to be here and I hope you enjoy the program.
- How did you learn Portuguese?
- Well, I learned Portuguese in Cape Verde.
I am Senegalese, born here,
but at a certain point I left Senegal to go work in Cape Verde.
That is where I learned Portuguese, I spent ten years there working as a teacher,
in Sal Island, and it was very very good.
- For Brazilian tourists, why should they visit Senegal?
- Well, in my opinion, Brazil has roots
rhere in Africa, there are many similarities.
And they have to come here and discover African culture,
African habits, to see that, maybe,
they come from here indeed.
- I am sure that I have something from here.
When you speak about Brazil, what comes to the mind of a Senegalese person?
- Well, the first thing that comes to mind is football.
Brazil is the land of football.
- Do you think that Wolof is a difficult language? Is it easier than Portuguese, more difficult?
- Well, that is a complex quetsion. I mean, it is a language,
but it has different ways to be written.
So, in order to learn to read and speak Wolof, the language has divergent ways.
Because Senegal has many ethnic groups.
And each one of them speaks Wolof in their own way.
So, it is hard to say Wolof is like Portuguese, because Portuguese is already
something certain, a word is written like that and this is it, but not in Wolof.
It can be written in different ways. That's why I think Wolof is harder
than Portuguese.
"Na nga def?"
"Naka yaram bi?"
"Baax na."
"Man maa ngi ci jamm."
"Naka nga tudd?"
"Man ma ngi tudd..."
"Man bresilien laa."
"Jërëjëf."
"Ñoo ko bokk."
"Baal ma."
"Xawuma loo ban wax."
"Man du wa làkk wolof."
"Na ngay lakk anglais?"
"Ñaata lay jar?"
"Dafa seer torop."
"Wàññil ma ko."
"Benn."
"Ñaar."
"Ñett."
"Ñent."
"Juróom."
"Juróom-benn."
"Juróom-ñaar."
"Juróom-ñett."
"Juróom-ñent."
"Fukk."
- Is there a zero?
No, right?
- No, not in Wolof.
"Dama bëgg jénd."
This, "bi".
It is "this".
That, "bale".
"Bale."
"Ni neex na torop."
"Bon appétit."
"Ñaata la lay ameel?"
"Fan ngay dem?"
"Damay dem ba fale."
"Fi lay wàcc."
"Demal tuuti ci kanam."
"Fi."
Here is "fi".
"Fale".
"Càmmoñ" is left.
"Ndeyjoor" is right.
"Xalis baa ngi nii."
"Ba beneen."
"Ba beneen. Jërëjëf, ba beneen."
"Ñoo ko bokk."
WHO GETS ALONG?
- Peace upon you.
- And upon you the peace.
- How are you doing?
- I am fine.
- What is your name?
- Ibou.
- And you, what is your name?
- My name is Valentina.
- Valentina.
- I am in peace.
- In peace.
- This is slow...
Hard... and fast.
- "Mu gaaw" is "fast"?
- Fast.
- Fast. Slow.
- And how do you say "beat"?
- "Tëgg".
"Tëgg".
- Tëgg.
- Beat slow.
- Beat slow. Beat hard.
Hard. "Bu baax" is hard.
- "Bu baax". Hard.
- How do you say "hand"?
- "Loxo".
- Beat hard,
tap two times.
- Twice.
- Yes.
- Tap twice here and twice here.
Like this.
Yes.
One, two, three, four.
Yes.
Yes! Faster!
- Faster!
- Ok!
- It starts with...
- He wants me to do it on my own.
So, ok. Ok.
- Is it fine?
- It is fine!
- Valentina!
- So this is it?
- This is it.
- Is it ok?
How are your hands?
- Thank you!
- Thank you.
- See you next time.
See you next time.
- God willing. thank you. Thank you.
- We are here in VDN, a major road here
in Dakar, let us see if I can or not
hop in a car rapide.
- Where are you going to?
- Peace be upon you.
- My name is Marcus.
Marcus.
I'm from Brazil. Brazil.
- Where are you going to?
- We will have to get down soon. Otherwise we will get too far.
- Look, they beat on the ceiling to hop off.
- I am coming down.
How much is it?
- A hundred...
- Where are you going to?
- University.
- How are you?
How are you?
- What is your name?
- Ibrahima.
- Ibrahima.
- We are learning wolof.
How is your morning?
- It is good.
Have a seat.
- What is your name?
- Marcus. My name is Marcus.
- Where are you from?
- I'm from Brazil.
- Do you live in Senegal?
- I already lived Senegal. In Senegal.
In Senegal.
- How long are you here for this time?
- Six days.
Six days.
- Where did you learn Wolof?
- We learned in Senegal.
I, at the university. In the university.
- Is Wolof hard?
- Wolof is, yes, more or less.
- Do you speak it well then?
- Not exactly.
- Do you like Senegal?
- Senegal is great.
- Delicious.
- Do you prefer Senegal or Brazil?
- Senegal and Brazil.
- Are people warmer here or in Brazil?
- In Senegal. Senegal, Senegal.
- What do you like in food here?
- Ceebu jén. Ceebu jén is delicious.
Maafe yàpp, delicious.
Yaasa poulet, delicious.
- Go in peace.
- We came to the final stop.
- Is it?
- This is my wife.
- Your lady!
- My lady.
- Yes, in the end everything was well! But it wasn't easy-peasy...
- Oh, it is very full...
- No, that I don't want.
- This one is full, yeah.
- What up?
What up!
- Three, four!
- My hands are hurting, guys!
- We hope you liked the video
and could see that learning also
less-known languages can be
really fun!
- After all, like once said Italian filmmaker Federico Fellini,
a different language is a different vision of life.
- A hug to Brazil from Senegal.
- Let's dance!
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