Bhagat Singh along with Sukhdev and Rajuguru was hanged until death at Lahore prison.
The whole country was mourning in his death.
People of Lahore even criticized Mahatma Gandhi for not stopping this.
In that very same month of March, Gandhiji negotiated some terms with Viceroy Lord Irwin.
This settlement is known as Gandhi Irwin Pact.
According to this, Mahatma Gandhi was invited to Britain for Roundtable Conferences.
While this was all happening in India.
The world was about to witness something entirely unexpected.
Adolf Hitler came into the power in Germany in the year 1931.
He started making military advances, which would start World War 2 later.
He executed Jews living in Germany.
He joined hands with Benito Mussolini another dictator and military focused dictator.
While the world politics was boiling and tension was increasing among countries.
Subhash Chandra Bose who was carefully observing this situation decided to travel through European
countries and gain Political Support from other countries in freeing India from British
Shackles.
He left India in 1931 and traveled Europe.
Negotiations happening between Gandhi and British in roundtable conferences from 1931
to 1932 did not see any positive outcome.
British again tried to divide India by talking on Religions, different castes and untouchability.
They again captured Mahatma Gandhi and sent him to Yerwada jail to isolate Mahatma Gandhi
from his followers.
While mahatma Gandhi was in jail.
British Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald in 1932 granted separate electorates for Muslims,
Sikhs, Schedule Castes, Indian Christians, Buddhists and Anglo Indians.
Electorate means a list of voters.
It came to be known as a Communal Award.
British were trying to divide India again by proposing different voting lists for different
castes.
Mahatma Gandhi criticized this act of British Government.
He wanted to promote equality in India.
In protest, Gandhi started fast-untodeath, while he was held in prison.
Indian public followed gandhiji and forced government, in consultation with Dr. Babasaheb
Ambedkar to replace communal award.
Gandhiji and Dr. Ambedkar made agreement with each other, which is known
as the Poona Pact. They both abolished Communal Award.
Three years went by and Indian independence movement did not see any development.
However, In 1935 British Raj made a new law to govern India, known as Government of India
act 1935.
It had three major Goals – To establish a federal system with many provinces of India.
To give the self-ruling position to provinces.
Finally, to give Muslim minority protection by giving them separate electorates.
On these separate electorates, only muslim candidate could stand for an election.
In February 1937, Elections took place.
The members of Indian National Congress won in five provinces, and held upper position
in two more provinces.
Muslim League could not perform well in Election.
While Indians were busy in Elections.
Far beyond the Mediterranean Sea.
Hitler became a new name of Power in Nazi Germany.
He started violating treaty of Versailles.
A treaty, which was signed to end World War 1.
In march of 1938 all of Austria was annexed to the growing Nazi Empire of Hitler
Austria was showered with Swastikas
It was the 12th of March 1938
and Hitler had finally emerged from his self-imposed inactivity.
He crossed the border near his birthplace of Braunau am Inn, Austria
The people rejoiced this first act of expansion, which they saw as the fulfillment of an old dream of
The German Nation
The great powers of Europe who had more massive armies than Hitler did not stop him and gave
what he wanted to ensure peace.
British Prime Minister of that period Neville Chamberlain said it would ensure peace
in our time.
Hitler made fun of this statement of the British Prime minister.
In the same year of 1938 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose came back India.
By 1938 Bose had become national level leader.
He accepted the nomination as congress president.
He stood for self-governance a full independence to india including using force against the British.
His aggressive strategy made Mahatma Gandhi uncomfortable and this led to a conflict between
Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi.
Subhash Chandra Bose wanted a one central power to rule India.
He wanted India to have an army of its own
Citing difference with Mahatma Gandhi.
Bose resigned from Congress
While Indian leaders were busy in Internal Politics among themselves. There in Germany Hitler became even more powerful.
Until 1938 no European Power opposed him.
This encouraged him to invade Poland, Denmark and Norway.
His army won battles after battles using great Army tactics.
But after this invasions European countries declared war on Germany.
British prime minister Neville Chamberlain died in 1940.
Winston Churchill became the new prime minister of England.
Hitler tried to make peace with England, But Winston Churchill was unwilling to listen
anything from Hitler.
The great Britain was ready for the war.
We are far Stronger than we were ten weeks ago.
We are far better prepared to endure the worst malice of Hitler than we were at the beginning of September.
This made Hitler furious.
He declared war upon the British.
England was ready for war and they announced Indian Troops to be participated in World War Two
without discussing with Indian Leaders.
In Word War One Mahatma Gandhi helped British. But British Government betrayed him.
So this time Mahatma Gandhi opposed India's Participation in this War.
But his campaign against India's participation in War Two was a total failure.
2.5 million Indians joined The British Army to fight on various fronts.
It was the most significant all volunteer force in world History.
It included tanks, artillery and airborne forces.
Subhash Chandra bose did not like the idea of indian soldiers fighting for British.
British rulers of India wanted the Indians to fight this war in the name of freedom,
yet they had denied this freedom to India and Indians for more than hundred years.
the How could Indians fight for them?
This created lots dissatisfaction among Indians and two big movements for Indian
Independence took Shape.
The first was Indian National Army of Subhash Chandra Bose.
The second was Quit India movement by Mahatma Gandhi.
Let us talk about movement led by Subhash Chandra Bose first.
Bose was under house arrest by British rule in 1941.
Somehow, he escaped to Germany.
He met Hitler and organized an army of 4500 people against the British empire
He followed a simple saying that Enemy of Your emeny is your friend.
He addressed Indian people and soldiers who were fighting for British from the radio station
established in Germany.
He asked Indian troops not fight for British Instead fight against British and help India in gaining Independence.
This led to confusion in some India troops.
Bose wanted to reach the two million Indian volunteers of The British Indian Army
These men were the bedrock of the British Raj
British Rule threatened or You can say frightened because of the possible rebellion of Indian
Soldiers.
Many thoughts like these could not let British authorities sleep in peace.
What if Indian soldiers deceive us, what if they rebel against us during battle and start
killing British Soldiers.
It would be impossible to stop them. Many thoughts like these could not let British authorities sleep in peace.
While Subhash Chandra bose threatened british authorities from Germany.
On 8th August Mahatma Gandhi started Quit India movement.
He declared that this is a Do or Die situation for Indians.
Even Gandhi was ready to miss this opportunity to force British out of India.
Mahatma Gandhi said don't stop this movement until you get freedom.
While Subhash Chandra bose traveled from Germany to Japan.
He again organized Indian National Army.
The INA fought the troops of British raj and recorded many victories.
Bose used the time to hold an International conference on Indian
It introduced the peace of Music that would later become India's National Anthem.
In this Struggle which for India means to be or not to be. There can only be on outcome, "Our Mutual victory"
Long live The Axis Power and their allies.
Long live free India.
In that same period in India. British took a violent approach towards Quit India Movement.
They arrested over 1 lack people, they dropped bombs on the people.
The troops of british raj even beat people with sticks and caned them.
All Congress Leaders were imprisoned.
Mahtma Gandhi's wife Kasturba Gandhi died in prison.
Gandhi's health had also became terrible.
British released him in 1944.
They did not want him to die in prison and call the wrath of indian people upon themselves.
In 1943 winston Churchill became the reason of the deaths of 2.5 million Bengali people (Bengal Famine)
by starvation.
He ordered his troops to sail with food reserves to Europe instead of providing food to Indians.
This act made Indians enraged and more Indians joined Quit India movement.
In Berlin, witnessing the defeat of his troops Hitler committed suicide by shooting Himself
on April 13th 1945
Nazi German forces surrendered in front of Soviet Union.
Japan also had to surrender as it was fighting alongside Germany.
At the same time Indian national army led by Subhash Chandra Bose also had to stop fighting.
Because of Japan's Surrender.
Soon after this in an unfortunate plane crash Subhash Chandra Bose died.
However his death still remains an unsolved mystery as his body was not found at the Crash site
The Second World War had weakened the economy of England. Political and Military power of the British
Empire also saw a sharp decline.
They were also aware that after war Indians would begin a broader a more significant movement for Independence.
By 1946 British released all political prisoners and British opened independence discussion
with Indian National Congress.
Leaders like Muhammad Ali Jinnah wanted a partition a separate country Muslims, Pakistan Mahatma
But Mahatma Gandhi wanted united India comprising of all Castes and Religions.
However many prominent leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru was in favor of partition.
On 14th August 1947 Pakistan gained independence and a day later on 15th August 1947 India
gained Independence.
So, at last that was officially the end of the British Era in India.
Many people of India still debate over who played a major role in India's Independence
movement.
Some debate in favor of revolutionaries like Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar
Azad and Netaji Bose.
While some people say Mahatma Gandhi's Satya and Ahimsa means nonviolence and truth
was vital for India's Independence. In spite of all these debates giving any one person
or one Ideology the credit of Indian Independence would not be fair to all those
who suffered endlessly throughout their life.
Every freedom fighter played vital role in Indias Freedom Movement.
While revolutionaries like Subhash Chandra Bose and Bhagat Singh struck fear in British
hearts, liberals and diplomats like Mahatma Gandhi united Indian masses ranging from small
villages to big cities.
Therefore, every freedom fighter deserves a respect; they fought for freedom of India
Throughout their lives by following and respecting their own unique Ideologies.
Jai Hind
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