Hi, this is Kate from MinuteEarth.
Humans are not the fastest mammals on the planet, but over really long distances, we
can outrun every other species on land… except certain dogs.
The greatest ultramarathoners on the planet are husky/malamute mixes bred for sled racing:
while pulling a load, they run five back-to-back marathons in a day, day after day, for more
than a week.
That's because of the totally unique way they turn food into energy.
Like all mammals, sled dogs rely on two types of fuel: there's glycogen, which comes from
carbs and sugar, and is quick to ignite and fast-burning, like natural gas.
And there's fat and protein, which come from...well...fat and protein - which are
not that flammable and burn slowly, kind of like logs.
Glycogen can power a runner on its own for periods of short, intense exercise, but because
it burns up fast, long-distance runners rely mostly on their supply of slow-burning fats
and proteins.
In order to turn fats and proteins into energy, though, most mammals need to also keep burning
a small but steady supply of glycogen.
And that turns out to be a serious problem, because the body's glycogen storage tanks
are pretty small, and converting carbs and sugars into glycogen takes a little while.
So runners burn glycogen faster than they can make it - if they run for long enough,
their supply will inevitably run out, and they'll bonk.
Sled dogs never bonk, because early in the race, their bodies somehow shift over to burning
fat and protein without needing to use any glycogen at all.
And since fat and protein can be turned into energy pretty much immediately, the dogs can
refuel throughout the race without ever worrying about running out of glycogen.
We still don't know how this fuel-burning trick works, but we do know that after 9 days
and 1000 miles through the snow and ice, most dogs finish the race with the same baseline
vitals that they started with.
In fact, unlike human ultra-athletes, who often need months to recover, the dog teams
that do best in one ultrarace are often the ones that have just recently returned from
another one.
When it comes to feats of endurance, sled dogs turn the competition to … mush!.
Hey!
So after four years without a dedicated website, we're finally taking the plunge.
And we're doing it with Squarespace, the sponsor of this video, because their tools and templates
make it so simple - we're actually going to show off our progress in an upcoming video!
With Squarespace's all-in-one platform, you too can claim a unique domain, create a beautiful
website, and never have to install, patch, or upgrade anything—ever.
Go to Squarespace.com/minuteearth and use the code "EARTH" for 10% off.
Thanks, Squarespace!
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