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Дом 2 новости 31 мая 2017 (31.05.2017) Раньше эфира - Duration: 2:20.
For more infomation >> Дом 2 новости 31 мая 2017 (31.05.2017) Раньше эфира - Duration: 2:20. -------------------------------------------
Congelado Elsa bebé, Rapunzel Bebé, Nieve Blanco Bebé en la cárcel w/ Hombre araña, Chica araña rosa - Duration: 10:38.
For more infomation >> Congelado Elsa bebé, Rapunzel Bebé, Nieve Blanco Bebé en la cárcel w/ Hombre araña, Chica araña rosa - Duration: 10:38. -------------------------------------------
Три поросенка (вязаная сказка) - 4. - Duration: 4:17.
For more infomation >> Три поросенка (вязаная сказка) - 4. - Duration: 4:17. -------------------------------------------
Baada ya Young Dee Kummwaga, Amber Lulu Afunguka Jinsi Alivyoteseka Kimapenzi - Duration: 3:14.
For more infomation >> Baada ya Young Dee Kummwaga, Amber Lulu Afunguka Jinsi Alivyoteseka Kimapenzi - Duration: 3:14. -------------------------------------------
Free YouTube Banner Template - Minecraft V5 | 5ergiveaways #168 - Duration: 3:36.
Music | Nothing But Mine by Sebastian Forslund
Clean Example
Usage Example
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Самоделки, Кулибины и Удивительная техника ✦ Amazing Homemade Inventions ✦ 44 ✦ LUCKY - Duration: 5:15.
When a machine cuts tea bushes
It turns out quickly and beautifully
No, this is not the 19th century.
This is a simple Russian villager on his tractor
With a rear axle with wheels from UAZ
Engine ZID
The rest is self-made, even CPR
If you attach the engine and wheels to the bench
Get a self-propelled bench
If you attach your feet to the ATV
You can easily overcome any pit
And if you take a knife and a pencil
That will make the smallest motorcycle
Thank you for watching!
And if you liked the video put Lik and subscribe to the channel!
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5 основных ролевых ошибок женщин в отношениях с мужчинами. - Duration: 8:34.
For more infomation >> 5 основных ролевых ошибок женщин в отношениях с мужчинами. - Duration: 8:34. -------------------------------------------
Things We Got Wrong About Celebs For A Really Long Time - Duration: 5:43.
One of the internet's favorite pastimes is perpetrating outlandish celebrity rumors.
Some of them, like Arnold Schwarzenegger's love child with his maid, turn out to be true.
But most of them are either total fabrications or simply the result of an online game of
telephone that got out of hand.
Lots of stars choose to simply remain silent on their personal fake news stories, but others
have spoken up to set the record straight.
Here's some false celebrity gossip everyone believed for way too long.
Bankrolled booty
It's a fact that celebrities have taken out insurance policies on body parts they're famous
for.
And one of the most famous claims is for JLo's derriere.
But is booty insurance a real thing?
Playmate Holly Madison admitted to People that Lloyd's of London insured her breasts
for $1 million after she landed a gig to appear nude in the Las Vegas show, Peepshow.
But in JLo's case, booty insurance just isn't necessary.
Although she is famous for having one of the most noteworthy backsides in all of pop culture,
showing it off isn't JLo's only bread and butter.
On her Carpool Karaoke appearance, JLo dispelled the booty rider rumors once and for all.
"Did you insure your butt for a million dollars?"
"No!"
"No."
"No.
There is no such thing as that!"
And while, JLo does have a song called "Booty" that is literally an ode to her plentiful
posterior...
"Big, big booty / But you got a big booty / Big, big booty / But you got a big booty."
...she's also a cross-platform diva and branding mogul who isn't worried about sudden unemployment
or relying on a claim check made out to her butt.
Bloody bling
Of all of the creepy things Angelina Jolie has actually done — like getting weirdly
intimate with her brother on the red carpet — the one that actually got blown out of
proportion was the claim that she and Billy Bob Thornton were wearing vials of each other's
blood around their necks.
It was plausible given their eccentric personalities, but it's really not as crazy as everyone made
it out to be.
Opening up about the infamous accessory in 2008, Jolie told Entertainment Weekly:
"It was never a vial anyway.
It was like a flower press.
It was like from a slight cut on your finger and you press your fingerprint in.
It was kind of a sweet gesture.
I thought it was kind of romantic."
But if Angelina Jolie is the queen of bizarre rumors, then Michael Jackson was definitely
the king.
King of Pop-sicles
One of the most ludicrous and enduring Jackson myths was that Michael supposedly slept in
a hyperbaric chamber.
The story started in 1986 with a photo the National Enquirer ran of Jackson laying down
inside an actual hyperbaric chamber.
It was alleged that he bought the machine, because he believed it would allow him to
live to the ripe old age of 150.
While that is now sadly ironic — since the pop icon died so young — people were quick
to believe the rumor because of his unending quirkiness and fondness for plastic surgery.
The truth isn't nearly as entertaining.
In a rare all-access 1993 interview with Oprah at his home, O revealed that she didn't see
the chamber anywhere.
"I cannot find the oxygen chamber anywhere in the house."
"That story is so crazy.
I mean, it's one of those tabloid things.
It's completely made up."
When she gave Michael the chance to explain, he said that he was merely checking out a
piece of medical equipment in the Michael Jackson Burn Unit of Brotman Medical Center
where he'd donated a generous portion of his settlement money from a burn accident during
a Pepsi commercial shoot.
The "I Kind of Wonder" Years
Marilyn Manson has been denying rumors that he played Paul on The Wonder Years since 1997.
In his keynote address to the CMJ Music Marathon, Manson said,
"I was not on The Wonder Years.
But the thing with rumors is that it doesn't matter what's true.
What's popular is what people believe."
Still to this day the shock rocker was still batting away the same lie, but he doesn't
seem to mind.
Josh Saviano, the real dude who played Paul, didn't mind the rumor when it started either.
Saviano told Yahoo:
"I had no idea who Marilyn Manson was at the time.
It became a progressively more entertaining story line amongst me and my friends."
Meanwhile, the two stars have never appeared together...so maybe it might turn out to be
true after all?
Sesame Street
There has been talk for some time that the felted odd-couple of Sesame Street, Bert and
Ernie, were actually...more than friends.
According to Cinema Blend, the theory that Bert and Ernie were a couple really gained
traction around 2014 after the Supreme Court decision that effectively legalized gay marriage
came into play.
After the rumor gained momentum, a change.org petition started circulating, urging Sesame
Street to "Let Bert & Ernie get married," as if the two muppets had been repeatedly
denied before then.
CNN reported:
"The gay buzz has been around for years.
But now there's an online petition asking Sesame Street to let Bert and Ernie get married."
Amazingly, the show responded to the petition on its Facebook page saying:
"Bert and Ernie are best friends.
They were created to teach preschoolers that people can be good friends with those who
are very different from themselves.
Even though they are identified as male characters and possess many human traits and characteristics,
they remain puppets, and do not have a sexual orientation."
That's fine...but tell that to Miss Piggy who has pretty clear intentions for a felt
green frog.
[Crowd noise]
Thanks for watching!
Click the Nicki Swift icon to subscribe to our YouTube channel.
Plus check out all this cool stuff we know you'll love, too!
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【完整版】天兵爸媽好可怕！ 拜託你別再帶小孩！2017.05.30小明星大跟班 - Duration: 45:34.
For more infomation >> 【完整版】天兵爸媽好可怕！ 拜託你別再帶小孩！2017.05.30小明星大跟班 - Duration: 45:34. -------------------------------------------
Top 10 Most DANGEROUS DOG Breeds - Duration: 8:32.
Hello YouTube, Jim here!
Welcome to Top10Archive!
They're meant to be man's best friend, but some pooches weren't bred and raised to be
all cute and cuddly.
While we know how a canine acts is typically based on how it's treated and raised by
their owner, considering the 440+ American deaths caused by dogs from 1982 to 2016, they're
bound to get a pretty bad rap for being deadly and vicious.
When people mention dangerous dog breeds, chances are they're talking about any of
these following ten compiled from North American data spanning over years.
And as we get started, help us out by hitting that like button, and be sure to leave us
a comment because we're always looking to engage in interesting conversations with you!
Also, don't forget to click the bell so you get notified every time we put out a new video!
10.
Pitweiler This obvious designer breed is a strange mix
of breeds considering… well, you'll see why soon enough.
At an average of 26-inches or roughly 66-centimeters, the Pitweiler is a mid-sized animal that's
typically known for being an obedient family dog, but from September 1982 to December 2016,
the Pitweiler was involved in approximately 58 attacks resulting in bodily harm, resulting
in two deaths and 19 maimings.
Owners or those seeking to own the Pitweiler are encouraged to establish dominance early
in the relationship to make training easier.
9.
Chow Chow This is like telling a child their favorite
teddy bear is wanted for murder!
Though fluffy and irresistibly cuddly, Chow Chows are also said to have a darker side
to them.
Originally bred in China to hunt and provide protection to its owner, Chow Chows are generally
respectful to their human companion and show a fierce aggression if they feel they are
in danger.
From 1982 to 2016, Chows were held responsible for 66 attacks on humans that resulted in
eight deaths and 44 maimings.
While Chows can be trained, it's an ill-advised breed for first-time dog owners as they are
known for having a dominating personality and aversion to negative reinforcement.
8.
Labrador Retriever Known for being friendly and outgoing, these
gentle-faced pups have ranked as the most popular dog breed for nearly 30 years in a
row according to the American Kennel Club, which is why it's odd to see the breed on
the list.
Over a period of more than 30 years, Labradors have been pegged for 68 bodily attacks, 41
of which involving child victims.
A little less than 10% of those attacks resulted in death, but 53 were severe enough for the
victim to have been maimed.
Aggressive behavior is not uncommon in Labradors, typically triggered by fear.
Before a Labrador turns to aggression, it exhibits warning signs like frequent nose
licking, dilated pupils, and yawning.
7.
Akita An instinctual animal, most of the Akita's
aggression problems stem from a lack of human understanding.
As a guard dog, the Akita takes its role very seriously and will act aggressively towards
anyone or anything that threatens the space it's meant to protect.
It's this instinct that may have led to the 75 attacks and eight deaths attributed
to the breed over a 34-year period.
When trained and properly socialized, the Akita can be a loving and devoted pup, but
those left to their territorial instincts will be quick to consider any place they're
in as theirs.
6.
Boxer These dopey dogs may look innocent and cute,
but an estimated 87 attacks over the 34-year span that led to nine deaths and 45 maimings
indicates something beneath those gentle eyes.
Believed to have been written into the Boxer's genetic code during the breeding process of
the Bullenbeisser and British Bulldog, Boxers are instinctively aggressive.
When not properly socialized and trained, their underlying aggressions can pop up when
fear sets in.
Boxers that are cut off from being social and puppies removed from their mother too
early normally have increased odds of being aggressive.
5.
Siberian Husky Over the 34-year period reported by ANIMALS
24-7, Huskies accounted for a surprising 95 attacks, 28 deaths, and 33 disfigurements.
Looking deep into the wolven eyes of these exotic pups, there's a deep and underlying
hostility, but it's actually not believed to be a common instinctive trait across the
breed.
Not too dissimilar than humans, Husky aggression can be heredity and differ entirely from pup
to pup.
Typically, Husky antagonism is a sign of a lack of socialization and indicated by a rigid
posture, lunging, muzzle punching, and snapping.
Even at an older age, Husky aggression can be controlled through continued training and
socializing.
4.
Perro de Presa Canario This incredibly territorial and reserved pooch
hails from the Canary Islands and is a member of the Bullmastiff breed.
Also known as the Canary Mastiff, the Perro de Presa Canario was originally bred to work
livestock which may lend to its aversion to strangers and its territoriality.
Since 1982, the Canary Mastiff has been responsible for 124 attacks, 18 deaths, and 76 mutilations,
proving that proper training and socialization is imperative.
This breed of Mastiff requires a lot of care and, though the thought of having an exotic
four-legged companion appeals to many, is recommended only for experienced dog owners.
3.
German Shepherd One-hundred and fifty attacks, 17 deaths,
106 maimings.
These higher numbers are likely attributed to the German Shepherd's popularity and
the lack of awareness when it comes to how human behavior can affect the animal's own
actions.
Not known for being genetically aggressive, the Shepherd requires early socialization
to help curb any future aggressions and should be trained as a puppy to recognize their human
companions as "pack leader."
German Shepherds are also prone to becoming hostile if previously mistreated by other
dogs and/or people.
2.
Rottweiler Now that we're towards the top of the list,
the behaviors of the Pitweiler may start to make a little more sense.
Over the 34-year period, Rottweilers have been the alleged cause of around 588 attacks
and 89 deaths.
Three hundred and sixteen of those attacks were against children and 325 resulted in
the individual being maimed, but this doesn't mean Rottweiler's are a barking murder machine.
Though they are naturally guarded, Rottweilers are not naturally dangerous, typically picking
up on negative behaviors from their human companions.
These sleek pups are rather vocal about their emotions and it's rarely a surprise when
they're about to strike, especially once they start growling and baring their teeth.
Rottweiler hostility is fairly easy to curb if caught early in the pup's life through
training.
1.
Pitbull As much as the Pit Bull's human companions
refute the claim that their adorable pooch is a hostile creature, sometimes numbers are
difficult to refute.
Looking through the past 34 years, Pit Bulls have been the cause of over 4,600 attacks,
349 deaths, and a brutal 3,098 maimings.
Of those attacks, 1,793 were children.
With that being said, the Bulldog and Terrier hybrid is more than capable of being a sweet
and loyal pooch.
Pitbulls were initially bred to be an Alpha dog and were used to track and hold prey for
their human companion and it's this aggression and hostility that tends to surface, making
them the ideal animal for dogfighting.
At an early age, it's imperative to show that they're not the alpha in the relationship.
When socialized early on, the typical aggression Pitbulls have against other animals can easily
be tempered.
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►Receta de Slime SIN BORAX NI ALMIDON 💦 ◄SLIME FACIL / TIGER GAME - Duration: 5:19.
Active bell my Youtube channel
Active bell my Youtube channel
People what we have to do is grab a glass of water
People what we have to do is grab a glass of water
Introduced into the glass or liquid adhesive (Silicone)
It can be glue or glue
I recommend that if you have no tail
You can enter silicone
You can also Valir because what I am introducing is transparent silicone (liquid)
Enter silicone because it could not find in my town
Enter what about an entire layer of glue
On the top as you can see
The whole part filled with glue.
We have to leave it lying about 5 minutes or less
or this way
After allowing about 5 minutes or less
And we played a little with your finger to see if it is already.
His hands were a little pegañosas
Take it out and saw it was something pegañoso
But I did not come out style Slime
Reposing leave a few more minutes
What I did was go for a cup or pota
To insert the excess water
We put the excess water and will see how is
When we are pulling the water. do it carefully lest he fall Slime
You have to remove all the water
we can have the slime in our hands.
And as you can see it is very nice but it is very liquid then we make another step.
Not a big but much less slime will see that
Think this slime is with materials that everyone has these materials
This created with glue and water
But if you want a very good Slime
We can leave this video
With likes muchisiiimos
If this video is super supported
We can create many Slimes without Borax or starch
What better haceis to make it right is to put the slime in hand
and put it under a faucet and stay fabric style chandelier
Slime is style and you can enjoy with your friends without any problem
If you are not subscribed to subscribe and give it a LIKE SUPER
You see that you can play with and not anything pegañoso
And you can enjoy a lot with the Slime
I love to play with
It is small but because of the materials
I recommend that people do not put any decorative look bad because then when
so small
You will be seeing that record is not good quality but do not worry
ME COMING SOON very GOOD THINGS JEJE
Since I is engraved with a mini tripod
And I came proxiammente Super good things APRA record slimes
I urge all my subscribers patience
And every week you will have two videos als !!
I say goodbye to this video THANKS FOR SEEING
LEAVE A UP MANITA A (LIKE)
YA will see what will ascend
THANK Until next ADIOSS!
OS leave you with a INTRODUCIION
AND DRAW WITH
With our friend Eduardo
Teneis an Active draw for 2 Spinner
ALL REQUIREMENTS IN THE DESCRIPTION !!! AND LUCK JEJE
REQUIREMENTS TO MY CHANNEL SUBSCRIBE TO EDUARDO IS IN DESCRIPTION AND fill out a questionnaire (PUTTING YOUR MAIL)
THE WINNERS WILL MARK THE PAGE AND JUNE 3
IF THIS VIDEO IS SUPPORTED Super!
Slime will upload more content spinner and more!
But you slimes with more materials without Borax NI ALMIDON
And I'll upload videos of spinners since I have here 3 spinners
If this video reventais what I show to my likes spinners
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Aprende los Colores con 5 Huevos Sorpresas de Pocoyó de Plastilina Play Doh - Duration: 10:48.
For more infomation >> Aprende los Colores con 5 Huevos Sorpresas de Pocoyó de Plastilina Play Doh - Duration: 10:48. -------------------------------------------
arm (noun) - Duration: 4:22.
arm (noun)
part of body
1
either of the two long parts that stick out from the top of the body and connect the shoulders to the hands
He escaped with only a broken arm.
She threw her arms around his neck.
The officer grabbed him by the arm (= grabbed his arm).
She touched him gently on the arm.
He held the dirty rag at arm's length (= as far away from his body as possible).
They walked along arm in arm (= with the arm of one person linked with the arm of the other).
She cradled the child in her arms.
They fell asleep in each other's arms (= holding each other).
He was carrying a number of files under his arm (= between his arm and his body).
He walked in with a tall blonde on his arm (= next to him and holding his arm).
See related entries: Body parts
of clothing
2 the part of a piece of clothing that covers the arm
synonym sleeve
The arms will need shortening.
of chair
3
the part of a chair, etc. on which you rest your arms
She perched on the arm of his chair.
of machinery
4
a long narrow part of an object or a piece of machinery, especially one that moves
a robotic arm
See related entries: How machines work
of water/land
5
a long narrow piece of water or land that is joined to a larger area
A small bridge spans the arm of the river.
of organization
6 [usually singular] arm (of something)
a section of a large organization that deals with one particular activity
synonym wing
the research arm of the company
Extra examples
He held out his arms with a broad smile.
He held the dirty rag at arm's length.
He placed a comforting arm around her shoulder.
He pulled her into his arms and kissed her.
He put an arm around her shoulders.
He ran towards her and flung his arms around her.
He stood there with crossed arms, looking angry.
He used his good arm to support his weight.
He walked in with a tall blonde on his arm.
He was running forward, waving his arms.
Her arms tightened convulsively around the child.
Her arms were resting on the table.
His arm hung awkwardly against his side.
His arms clutched his stomach.
His arms slid around her.
I have a sore arm, so I'm afraid I can't help you.
Kris collapsed into her mother's waiting arms.
Lucy felt the warm sun on her bare arms.
She carried the dog under one arm.
She ducked his flailing arms.
She folded her arms and stared at him.
She lay curled up in the crook of his arm.
She moved closer to her father and took his arm.
She stood looking at him with arms akimbo.
The child lay in its mother's arms.
The couple linked arms and set off along the beach.
The figure in the boat raised an arm.
The officer grabbed him by the arm.
They fell asleep in each other's arms.
They walked along arm in arm
They're sure to welcome you with open arms.
the muscles of the upper arm
The bank plans to sell part of its US finance arm.
The report was published by the research arm of the Department of Transport.
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Tiger Woods| dui|Golf legend Tiger Woods arrested in Florida for driving under the influence youtube - Duration: 0:31.
For more infomation >> Tiger Woods| dui|Golf legend Tiger Woods arrested in Florida for driving under the influence youtube - Duration: 0:31. -------------------------------------------
Diggers, Excavator, Truck Spiderman and Superhero Videos for Kids | Hulk and Sand Toys | Pago TV - Duration: 13:45.
For more infomation >> Diggers, Excavator, Truck Spiderman and Superhero Videos for Kids | Hulk and Sand Toys | Pago TV - Duration: 13:45. -------------------------------------------
ΕΠΙΠΕΔΗ ΓΗ - Ψευδαισθήσεις (3) Illusions (GRsubs) - Duration: 6:45.
For more infomation >> ΕΠΙΠΕΔΗ ΓΗ - Ψευδαισθήσεις (3) Illusions (GRsubs) - Duration: 6:45. -------------------------------------------
Forget Computers. Design Is the New King of Tech. - Duration: 4:42.
Mari Kussman: I think that Steve Jobs was the original CDO.
He thought about the experience of products first and always had a very philosophical
approach to the way that something was being used.
Karen Jackson: They themselves came to me and said, "We need you to be our chief design
officer because you bring a unique skillset where we have a business background.
You bring us design sensibility.
We can see that this way of understanding communities and our audience is the thing
that can help differentiate us and allow us to serve the people that we're looking to
serve."
Mari Kussman: Engineering and design are something that should happen simultaneously.
The way that we think about design in Silicon Valley product is that you engineer something
and then design is a topical solution, but user experience is design and ergonomics is
design.
We need to start thinking about design while we engineer products.
Francis Bitonti: When we do things where we're trying to make a company's product or experience
with the customer is better.
We're working on the software engineering and design problems that are required, that
need to be solved in order to bring free branding to mass market applications.
Our clients can be everything from shoe companies to medical device manufacturers to aerospace
companies.
It's a wide, wide range of applications that we look at.
This is a prototype for a product we're developing for a medical device company.
It's a treatment for scoliosis, which is a curvature in the spine.
We've developed some methods to create a bracing system that's actually 65 to 75% less material
than any other treatment from the market.
We're going to actually be rolling this out in the first clinic next month.
Jessica Banks: RockPaperRobot is a company that makes kinetic furniture.
That furniture that moves in either autonomously or through interaction with a human.
Ultimately, where we're going is imagine your chair and your table could call 911 if you're
having a heart attack or move and keep you totally comfortable and ergonomically safe
throughout your day.
We do that by using automation and putting motors and actuation into the furniture, along
with sensors.
Then, those things can react to data coming in either directly in the furniture surfaces
or through other means.
Then, it can react and move.
Francis Bitonti: Design is about creating products and experiences.
It's about engaging in the economy of mass production.
That's market product.
Karen Jackson: With design problems, you often times are taking ends to move those linear
aspects, but you're taking in the social, the human aspect, which when you introduce
the human variable, you get infinite unknowns.
Then, you need to manage those.
The more you can learn about those human variables, the more that you can inform your process,
your non-linear process in parallel with the linear process and ideally have those two
work together.
Jessica Banks: You have a company and you have a product in the world and you don't
have someone who is overseeing the design of that product, whether it's the aesthetic
of the marketing, the branding, the shape of a product so that any way that the user
interface is with their product, then you're not going to be successful.
Mari Kussman: We don't quite understand what people even want or need.
Really, rudimentary machine learning is already in homes, and designing for that is an entirely
new category of design.
We might start having job titles like artificial intelligence designer may be more eloquently,
but around the idea of how do you design user experience for something that has a learning
capability in applications like that?
The designer needs to be collaborating with the engineer in real time because the engineer
needs to develop a back-end that will learn from the type of user experience that the
designer thinks is appropriate for a user.
We're really starting to move towards a consumer expectation that not only is helped by designers
and engineers collaborating but will be necessary for any of that to move into the future.
-------------------------------------------
The Cyclical Narrative - Vin's Thoughts - Duration: 12:29.
For most people the standard narrative arc will be quite familiar. In graph form is akin to a
parabolic curve with rising action, some climax moment, and falling action. While there may be
differences in form from one story to another, there is one thing that remains constant throughout every novel,
movie, play, or schoolyard story: the X-Axis.
Narrative time remains constant as one event leads to another in a strict,
predictable, and sequential order. In the world of gaming the linear narrative arc is no longer the only means of storytelling.
Gaming is capable of expressing story through a
cyclical story arc. In this form of story arc, a portion of the narrative is allowed to loop,
potentially into infinitum, with the events within the loop having narrative significance. In this essay
we will examine the aspects, necessities, and significance of a cyclical story arc.
There are three things that any narrative requires in order to present itself as a cyclical narrative the first is that the narrative.
The first is that the narrative must form a
continual cycle where it begins at one point and ends at the same point. The second is that there must be some memory of past
Iterations so as to indicate that the narrative is a cycle instead of just having the player replay the same linear narrative.
Finally there must be at least two endings to the game.
One constituting the end of the cycle, and another the end of the game. Each of these aspects will be examined in greater detail.
Without a cycle there would be no cyclical narrative arc,
thereby the first and most important aspect of a cyclical narrative is that, at some point in the narrative, the narrative
must end at the same place it began. In doing so, the visualization of the narrative arc can be
transformed into two different forms. One is a linear arc that points back towards its beginning. There are some benefits to
visualizing the narrative in this way. It retains the same meaningful X-axis, that being time, as a common linear narrative,
thereby allowing more simple comparison between the two. In addition, branching narratives within the cycle are easier to visualize.
However, the method I choose to express the cyclical narrative is a circle.
This is simply a line where the two ends have been brought together making the end and the beginning indistinguishable.
We will return to these visualizations later in the discussion.
There is more to the cycle than simply having the beginning and the end meet. There must be
significant narrative elements between the start and the end. In other words, some portion of the story has to happen
inside of the cycle. Consider one example of a cyclical narrative, Every Day the Same Dream.
The cycle in question is when the player chooses either one of the five alternatives to labor or to sit at their desk.
Within the cycle are all of the major narrative elements from committing suicide
to petting a cow. The player cannot experience the narrative without
engaging with the cycle. The final note on the continual cycle
is that it must be continual. In other words,
every cyclical narrative must present the player with a way to loop the cycle infinitely. The reason for this returns to the graphs.
In order for the cyclical narrative to have significance, it must not be able to be placed
meaningfully on a standard euclidean graph. If all of the events that can possibly occur within the cycle can be written, with
confidence, on a graph as a line, no matter the length of said line,
then it remains a linear narrative. By presenting a way to infinitely loop the cycle
no person can ever write out the narrative, with confidence, as a simple line because that line could
Potentially reach into infinity. And yet
it would almost certainly not go into infinity as the player would break the cycle eventually, hence no one can write the line with
confidence. A cyclical narrative must also be in some way distinguishable from simply restarting a game.
This is where the memory of past runs comes into play. The player must, in every
cyclical narrative, have some way of determining, within the game, that previous iterations have occurred. There are two ways that
cyclical narratives have done this in the past.
The most common method of showing the player the cycle is to leave ghosts of prior
iterations in the game's environment. Both Everyday the Same Dream and Playdead's
Inside use this method. The former removed alternatives to labor that the player had already
partaken in from future runs. For instance, once the player had traveled to the graveyard with Homeless
they were no longer capable of returning there again as Homeless was removed.
Inside, on the other hand, focused on its bonus areas. If any of the bonus devices had been unpowered in one run
they would remain unpowered in the next playthrough. This indicated to the player that the prior
playthroughs have had an effect on the world that is tangible. By leaving
environmental ghosts the game is showing that prior cycles have occurred not only to the player separate from the game,
but also for the game itself. The other method that has been used to indicate prior runs
is that the player has items that existed in the prior
cycles at the beginning of the next. A game that uses this method is The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask.
The cycle is the three-day loop that the player plays through. At the end of each loop, the player can choose
one of three options: to let the world be destroyed,
to fight the final boss, or to reset time. By choosing to reset time the player restarts the cycle. Instead of having
environmental ghosts, the game indicates that prior cycles occurred by not removing items from the players
inventory. They remain as relics of the events that occurred in the prior cycles.
While I can only recall these two systems being used to indicate a cyclical narrative, that does not mean that this is an exhaustive list.
Cyclical games have been few and far between,
so there are very few examples that one has to choose from when examining how these systems work.
Despite that the gist of the rule is understood, the game must acknowledge prior cycles in order for said cycles to have any significance.
A cyclical narrative must have an ending that leads back to the beginning of the cycle.
However, if this is the only ending in the game then the narrative would go on forever.
Every cyclical narrative has a true, dead stop, ending, meaning that there must be at least
two endings to the game.
In order for a cycle to end there must be a way to break out of the cycle. At some point the player will
do something that moves them from the circular narrative to a linear narrative. In the case of Everyday the Same Dream, this
occurs once all five alternatives to labor have been found. For Majora's Mask,
it is when the player travels to the moon to fight Majora.
Each of these examples leads to an ending that is different from the prior
cyclical endings in that it fully ends the narrative.
Note that this is also the key reason the cyclical narratives not only do not, but cannot exist in novel and film.
There must be some interaction that breaks the narrative out of its loop.
As film and novels do not have audience interaction as a core facet of their narratives any
cyclical narrative would be impossible to break, thus
never ending. In film the closest that one can get to a cyclical narrative is a gif.
It loops the same narrative over and over
but ends up as one linear narrative played over and over because there is no
possibility for ever having a second ending to terminate the cycle. Now that we have examined what a cyclical narrative is
one might ask "why does this matter at all?" The answer is that, in every instance
of a cyclical narrative, the cycle was used as a means to express something that cannot be expressed via a linear narrative.
In Everyday the Same Dream, the player had the potential to do the boring,
soul-crushing action of walking from home to work ad infinitum. By allowing the player to do this, the game was allowing the player to
actually partake in the boredom inherent in having to do the same
action over and over again.
A linear narrative would never be capable of doing so because there would only be a limited and set number of chances to sit at the
player's desk. In the case of Inside, the avatar is attempting to escape
domination. Even if they were to escape as the blob at the end, which they do not, there would never be any
liberation from the system of domination because the player always dominates over the avatar.
Thereby, the cyclical struggle shows the struggle between the avatar and the elements within its world that want to control it,
whereas the secret ending, the breaking of the cycle, is where the avatar challenge is the most fundamental
mode of its domination: the player. By having the former be a cyclical narrative,
Inside expresses the futility of challenging the small elements that dominate a person, those obvious and immediate, when a
transcendental Power still dominates over them.
Neither of these
stories could have been told the same way without the use of the cyclical narrative. They could have been told through a linear storyline,
but a cyclical narrative allows the themes to be lived.
There is no way that a linear arc can have the player live an element that requires
routine to be impressed upon the player.
Now, there are two things that may appear to be cyclical that are not, those being when a player
respawns and the new game+ systems. For the former the answer is simple
there is no narratively significant elements from the time between a players respawn and their death, or what we will call the
respawn loop. No narrative elements would occur within the respawn loop thereby having no
significance to the narrative. In most instances, a respawn is nothing more than
backtracking along a linear narrative. The respawn loop usually does not create memories of past
iterations, and even when it does, as in Dark Souls as the player drops their souls, there are not multiple
narrative endings. The respawn loop follows a mass quantum suicide machine approach to the world.
This machine is one that is based off the theory that every choice creates an
individual multiverse, where each multiverse is one of the possible choices that could have been made. The mass quantum suicide machine looks for
universes where something occurs and destroys every universe wherein it does not, thereby
predicting the future by leaving only the universes where the predictions came true.
Respawn loops destroy everything that occurred within the loop,
reducing the actions therein to having no narrative significance. The only end that can ever occur is what is chosen by the
developer, that almost always being player success.
Now one might argue that a new game+ system is an example of a cyclical narrative in that there are often relics of the past,
player levels and equipment, and a possibility to play new game+ over and over again.
However, it must be remembered that this is a narrative arc. Does the new game plus mode have an effect on the narrative of the game?
New game+ has a player playing through the same linear narrative over again with retained power.
While it is not impossible for a new game+ system to have a cyclical narrative,
I have not seen one that does so, and games with systems like those in Dark Souls do not present themselves as cyclical
experiences. Here we have examined a completely new story arc. The cyclical narrative is a
potentially powerful tool that developers can use to bring new levels of meaning into their
experiences. Not every game needs this system,
as they are both hard to build and useful only to more niche
stories. Both the linear and cyclical narratives should be fostered as games progress.
Our everyday experience is one of habit.
Cycles played over and over throughout the day. Everyday the Same Dream used cycles the challenge a
fundamental aspect of modern life: the workday. I can only imagine what else the cyclical narrative will have in store for us in the future.
With that, thanks for watching and, as always,
enjoy the rest of your day.
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The tips of the wrought iron rod .Forged elements with their hands - Duration: 8:08.
We produce hand-stamp for forged end on metal rod
We produce hand-stamp for forged end on metal rod
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