I'm watchinng in youtube : Waching daily Jul 13 2017

Out of nowhere, with no updates, no patch notes, no nothing... The 1911 for someone reason, randomly, has been updated in black ops 3!

For more infomation >> they gave BLACK OPS 3 a SECRET DLC WEAPON UPDATE!! (NEW BLACK OPS 3 DLC WEAPON SUPPLY DROP GLITCH) - Duration: 10:10.

-------------------------------------------

Home Video: Crash Course Film History #13 - Duration: 10:19.

Hello, I'm Craig and this is Crash Course Film History.

Gone are the days when the only way to experience film was buying a ticket at your local theater.

Instead, you can watch almost anything you want, whenever you want, wherever you want.

Film studios have made much of their back catalogs available to the public, with things

like DVDs and Blu-ray Discs, or online streaming services.

And you can screen movies on TVs, computers, tablets, phones, and even some watches…

if you squint really hard.

Home video transformed the film industry, and the ways we find and consume motion pictures.

[Opening Music Plays]

True home movies – films you can watch at

home – didn't exist until the invention of 8mm film in the mid-1930s.

The first standard 8mm film stock was actually made from 16mm film with extra sprocket holes

down the side.

Filmmakers would run a 16mm film strip through a camera once to expose one half of the frame,

and then run it in the other direction to expose the other half.

Then, during processing, they split the strip down the center, creating two 8mm film strips

that could be spliced together.

...it's just a lot of work.

Compared to traditional 35mm film, 8mm film was more portable and much less expensive

to buy and develop.

But it had one major drawback: When 8mm film was projected on a big screen, the image quality

couldn't hold a candle to 35mm.

Most home movie makers weren't projecting their films onto giant screens, though.

Instead, they would just hang up a sheet or use a plain wall.

And for that, 8mm film did the trick.

In the 1950s and '60s, as the American middle class expanded after World War II, 8mm film

cameras became more common.

Chances are, there's some grainy, unsteady footage of your family's old vacations,

birthdays, weddings, or other special occasions tucked away in an attic somewhere.

Who's attic? My attic?

Now, what really brought home movies into the mainstream was the advent of home video

technology.

And Betamax – or Beta for short – was one of the world's first.

Invented in Japan and introduced to the United States in 1975, Beta could record audio and

video signals to a magnetic tape, much like the ones in audio cassettes.

You see, video technologies record break up recorded images into a whole bunch of horizontal

lines of visual information.

To save space and produce a clear picture, early home video technologies used an interlaced

format to compress the signal.

In interlaced formats, when a video is played back, it displays sets of every other horizontal

line in a given image, leaving the others blank.

Each of these sets is called a field.

First, a field with the odd-numbered lines is shown, then an even one.

Odd, even, odd even...

Odd, even, odd even oddevenoddeven.

If you speed up that process until you're flashing alternating fields 25 or 30 times

a second, your eye doesn't distinguish between the lines.

Instead – thanks to the Phi Phenomenon – you see a moving image.

While interlaced video allowed for some pretty clear pictures, it doesn't handle fast motion

very well, and the image tends to blur or strobe.

It also gets weird around plaid or striped shirts.

Now, Beta's main competition was another Japanese technology called the Video Home

System or VHS.

It was essentially the same idea as Beta, except it was lighter, cheaper, and one cassette

could hold a two-hour movie.

So in the ensuing "video format wars," Beta couldn't compete.

By 1980, the VHS format dominated 60 percent of the U.S. market.

I think my grandfather died in the video format wars.

And that market was getting bigger and bigger!

As more home video technologies were emerging and dropping in price, an enormous, untapped

revenue stream opened up for the Hollywood studios.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, more people began buying Video Cassette Recorders or VCRs.

Not only could these devices play home movies recorded with consumer video cameras, but

they could also record TV programs and play videotapes of feature films.

Suddenly, people could watch Hollywood movies at home whenever they wanted.

Kind of.

At first, it was way too expensive for the average consumer to buy a video cassette

of a Hollywood film.

The studios charged between 80 and 90 dollars per tape! ...WHAT!?!?!

But rental chains could buy them in bulk, and rent them out to the general public for

a few dollars a night.

Plus late fees.

These rental chains – places like Blockbuster Video or Hollywood Video – along with independent

mom-and-pop stores, flourished throughout the 1980s and '90s.

Film studios started going through their film libraries and releasing old movies on home

video formats as well as new ones, making money hand over fist.

As this new home video market matured in the 1980s, a number of film companies decided

they could bypass the theatrical distribution system altogether and market their films straight

to the consumer.

The most successful direct-to-video films fell into a few main categories: inexpensive

action movies, steamy thrillers, sequels to successful theatrical films, and family films

– both animated and live-action.

Like low-budget B-movies, direct-to-video films were often viewed as cheap knock-offs,

as opposed to "real" movies that played in movie theaters.

Movies like Nail Gun Massacre, Death Spa, or Rock 'n' Roll Nightmare were pretty

terrible, but offered a bit of good schlocky fun.

Direct-to-video also gave film franchises who were dragging a bit at the box office

a chance to stay alive with cheaper budgets.

Beethoven, I'm looking at you.

Not the composer, the movie about a dog.

Now, back in the late '70s, as the first

consumer home video formats were coming out, LaserDisc also emerged.

Rather than recording images on magnetic tape, LaserDisc was an optical format, which encodes

binary data with a laser.

It's a technology that eventually led to CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs.

Even though the picture quality was superior to either Beta or VHS, LaserDisc

was ultimately doomed.

The discs themselves were cumbersome and fragile, the players were expensive, and you couldn't

record TV shows on them.

But by the time Digital Video Discs, or DVDs, arrived in 1995, consumers were primed for

a technological revolution.

See, in 1987, Paramount Pictures tried an experiment.

They offered the VHS cassette of Top Gun for just 30 dollars instead of 80 or 90.

And it was a runaway hit.

...who knew people liked to pay less for things?

Almost immediately, other studios followed Paramount's lead.

And by the early 1990s, people could afford to build their very own home video libraries.

One issue with VHS tapes is that they degrade over time.

The more you watch them, the more the actual tape wears down,

eventually rendering them un-viewable.

...like me!

In part, that's because VHS is an analog

technology, while DVD is digital.

Both analog and digital technologies transmit information, usually through electric signals.

One of the main differences is that analog technologies translate information into electric

pulses of varying amplitudes, while digital technologies translate information into a

binary format made of ones and zeros, which represent discrete amplitudes.

DVDs, like most digital technologies, don't degrade like VHS tapes.

The ones are always ones, and the zeroes are always zeroes.

So, the signal will always look the same.

Unless you're at your parents' house where it will always look green and squished.

C'mon mom and dad, fix your tv settings!

The durability of DVDs, mixed with an impressive increase in storage capacity, made them an

extremely attractive upgrade from video cassettes.

With all that extra storage space, home video releases could come with all kinds of fun extras.

Like: trailers for other movies, alternate cuts and deleted scenes, isolated scores,

commentary tracks where the filmmakers could talk about making the film, and closed captioning

that could be turned on or off.

Along with new releases, distribution companies could repackage their old libraries with DVD

special features and make even more money!

These days, newer technologies have started to replace DVDs.

Like Blu-ray Discs and Blu-ray Players, which were first made available to the public in 2006.

Like DVDs, Blu-rays are a digital optical storage device.

But unlike DVDs, they can hold full high-definition – and ultra-high-definition – video signals.

Now, when we talk about standard-, high-, and ultra-high-definition video, we're talking

about those horizontal lines that make up the image.

The more lines, the clearer the image – up to a point.

We label the level of definition each signal has with the number of horizontal lines, like

720 or 1080.

That number is then followed by an 'i' or a 'p', indicating if the video fields

are interlaced or progressive.

Developed as an alternative to interlaced video, the progressive scan format flashes

all the horizontal lines of picture information, instead of alternating sets of lines.

Everything from the camera to the television requires a much larger bandwidth to handle

progressive scan, but any motion on screen appears smoother and more realistic.

...Like this.

So, standard-definition video has 480 horizontal

lines per image and is interlaced, so you'll see it written as 480i.

Broadcast high-definition refers to video signals that have 720 lines per image, either

interlaced or progressive.

High-definition, or HD, has 1080 lines, either interlaced or progressive.

And ultra-high definition, also sometimes known as 4K, boasts a whopping 2160 lines!

That's a lot of lines!

Most Hollywood films shot digitally are being filmed in 6k and and even 8k…

that's a lot of k!

And when we're talking about 'k' we're talking about these lines... vertical lines.

Today, we think of Blu-rays as the main high definition discs on the markelt.

When they were first being sold in 2006, though, they came in second to their competition:

the HD-DVD.

The home video industry split between the two formats, with companies like Sony, Panasonic,

Samsung, and Dell advocating for Blu-rays, while Toshiba, Microsoft, and Intel supported

HD-DVDs.

For two years the conflict hamstrung the industry, until Sony decided to incorporate a Blu-ray

Player into the Playstation 3. Very clever, Sony.

That was seen as the turning point in the "HD format wars," and by 2008 we stopped

making HD-DVDs altogether.

My Grandmother died in the HD Format Wars.

And the newest frontier in home video formats

is the 4K Ultra-HD Disc.

You just need a new player and a 4K TV to watch one.

But if you're watching this video 5 years from now, we sound very old.

Now, the other technological and cultural revolution in home video was streaming services,

which did away with physical discs entirely.

Today, streaming services like Netflix, Hulu, Amazon, YouTube, iTunes, and Vimeo distribute

films and television programs directly to consumers.

YouTube? Never heard of it.

They're even making their own original content.

Netflix and Amazon produced and distributed TV series and films that have won the highest

awards at the Emmys, Golden Globes, and Oscars!

These services also provide non-traditional and independent filmmakers with a more level

playing field when it comes to distributing their unique visions.

There are some drawbacks to streaming distribution.

You need a robust, consistent Internet connection to watch anything.

Not to mention, the content you're looking for may not always be available, unless you've

purchased and downloaded it.

And even then, you still don't have a physical copy to keep on your bookshelf.

Or sell later on Craigslist to make some money.

That said, there have never been so many ways for films to find an audience.

You just have to look beyond the multiplex!

Don't look behind the multiplex. There's dumpsters back there.

And where the future of home video will take us is anyone's guess.

This is Crash Course Film History not Film Future… so we're not going to try.

But I bet it'll be awesome.

Today we talked about 8mm film as the origin of home video distribution.

We traced the development of the home video market from Beta and VHS all the way to 4K

Ultra-HD.

And we looked at the impact of streaming services on the production and distribution of films,

television, and other audio-visual content.

Next time, we'll take a step back and look at some unusual and captivating film movements

from around the world.

Crash Course Film History is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios.

You can head over to their channel to check out a playlist of their latest amazing shows,

like Infinite Series, Art Assignment, and Above the Noise.

This episode of Crash Course was filmed in the Doctor Cheryl C. Kinney Crash Course Studio

with the help of these video format warriors, and our amazing graphics team is Thought Cafe.

For more infomation >> Home Video: Crash Course Film History #13 - Duration: 10:19.

-------------------------------------------

The Future of Ocean Exploration - Duration: 12:26.

With 95% of the ocean floor unexplored, the deep sea is Earth's last frontier.

Its pioneers are scientists leveraging the latest technology to cast light on the massive

and incomprehensibly dark environment that extends more than 35,000 feet down.

Until recently, this world was known only to our planet's most unearthly species.

This is the story of our largest biome—and the people devoting themselves to understanding

it and saving it for future generations.

40 years ago we discovered hydrothermal vents, which act as Earth's plumbing system, transporting

chemicals and extreme heat from the molten core of our planet, helping to regulate the

chemical makeup of the oceans.

But this seemingly toxic environment is still home to life.

Organisms that don't need photosynthesis to survive can live down here.

And with most of the seafloor left to explore, many species remain undiscovered.

Studying these unlikely ecosystems can teach us about the earliest stages of life's evolution

here on Earth, and about the possibility of life on other planets.

That's why NASA is working with oceanographers to help plan the mission to explore Jupiter's

ice-covered moon, Europa.

And because these vents form in active volcanic zones, they also help us better understand

how land forms and moves over time.

Plus, the sludge that's constantly spewing from the vents contains some of the most valuable

metals known to man.

[Guardian video journalist] "In the deep ocean, where the water is as dark as ink,

lie riches that no treasure hunters have managed to retrieve.

They are deposits of precious minerals, from cobalt to gold, that have tantalized miners

and nations for decades..."

In 2019, a Canadian company will make the first-ever attempt at extracting these minerals.

Using the latest technologies and massive, custom designed vehicles, it aims to bring

up $1.5 billion worth of metals from a single site 25km off the coast of Papua New Guinea.

Nautilus says it will minimize environmental damage by using infrared cameras and sonar

to pinpoint the exact location of ore deposits, allowing it to shred less of the ocean floor.

But environmentalists aren't buying it.

Preserving a sensitive ecosystem 8,000 feet underwater from the impact of mining is just

not that simple.

Unfortunately, we may not have much choice.

There's growing demand for these metals, but dwindling supplies of them on land.

Cobalt — for instance — is used in jet engines, lithium ion batteries, and the computer

or smartphone you're watching this video on—and the machines we made it on.

But this age-old clash between miners and environment is really just one chapter in

a much larger story of technology development—innovations aimed at maintaining the delicate balance

of the increasingly threatened ocean ecosystem.

One such tool is the EK80 broadband acoustic echo sounder.

It uses a range of frequencies to paint a much more comprehensive picture of the amount

and types of species living in a selected area of water.

"What you see can be very different at different frequencies.

For example if you're using very low frequency sound you're not going to see the zooplankton.

So you might think, 'oh, the ocean is empty, there's nothing here.'

But then you look at a higher frequency and suddenly you see the zooplankton.

People think that there's much more biomass locked down in the mesopelagic zone.

It has been grotesquely underestimated.

As a biologist I want to know, ecological meaningful quantities like how many animals

are present, what size are they, what kind are they?"

Species mapping should also help identify the areas of the ocean where the most life

exists, from the ocean floor all the way up to the surface.

Allowing us to then protect those areas.

Only 5% of the ocean is currently protected in some way, compared to 15% of land.

Another urgent problem is multi drug-resistant bacteria that kill thousands of people a year.

By gathering microbes from different parts of the sea, researchers can test many different

combinations to create the most effective medicines.

"We're finding microbes that produce really interesting chemistry, and could be used to

develop new therapeutics in the future, from bermuda off the backs of trichodesmium which

is a small phytoplankton, from mud samples off the coast of Vancouver, and from right

off the beach here in shore lab, from - of all places - a comb jelly.

We've only cultured 1-2% of all marine bacteria.

So can you imagine the chemical diversity waiting there to be discovered, described,

and harnessed?"

Biofluorescence, which has revolutionized neuroscience over the past two decades, is

yet another powerful tool that came from the ocean.

These proteins were first found in corals, but marine biologists like David Gruber have

discovered that many animals also possess this light-altering trait.

[David Gruber] "We set out looking for this one fish, and, in the process we discovered

20 other.

We began thinking, what about sharks?"

Glow-in-dark sharks are pretty cool, but the most critical area of ocean research surrounds

climate change, and how our planet's interconnected ecosystem will be affected in the future.

The atmospheric physicist Susan Avery summarized this in a TED talk a few years back.

"Not only is that infusion of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere inducing warming on the

planet, it also is inducing major chemical changes on a global scale in the ocean.

And that bottom curve shows what's happening in terms of the pH, which is a measure of

the acidification of the ocean.

The ocean uptakes carbon from the atmosphere.

When that carbon dioxide enters the ocean, it dissolves, it becomes more acidic.

As the upper layers mix with the lower levels, the pH decreases and you have a more acidic

global ocean."

Irish oceanographer Triona McGrath expanded on this point during a recent TED talk of

her own.

"There has already been an increase in ocean acidity of 26 percent since pre-industrial

times which is directly due to human activities.

Unless we can start slowing down our carbon dioxide emissions, we're expecting an increase

of ocean acidity of 170% by the end of this century.

I mean this is within our children's lifetime.

This rate of acidification is ten times faster than any acidification in our oceans for over

55 million years.

So our marine life have never ever experienced such a fast rate of change before.

So we literally could not know how they're going to cope.

Now there was a natural acidification event millions of years ago which was much slower

than what we're seeing today, and this coincided with a mass extinction of many marine species..."

We're already seeing evidence of acidification damaging corals and shellfish.

As acidification increases, the shells of many of these species will stop growing and

eventually begin to dissolve.

Pteropods, for example, play a vital role in the ocean's food system, feeding everything

from krill to salmon to wales.

In one terrifying experiment, the shell of the pteropod was placed into seawater with

a pH level that we're on course to experience by the end of the century.

After just 45 days, you can see how the shell has almost completely dissolved.

Facts like these underscore the important role oceanic research plays in preparing humanity

for the challenges that lie ahead.

One man who's been instrumental in the field of deep sea discovery is Robert Ballard.

A leading explorer of shipwrecks, Ballard has led the takeover of Remote Operated Vehicle

exploration.

His large research vessel, the E/V Nautilus, is equipped with four ROV's.

"Ballard is using one of the most sophisticated exploration systems ever assembled.

It allows him to go where noone has gone before.

Our vehicles are designed to go to 20,000 feet, so we're not restricted by depth.

In fact, I prefer going deep."

But what makes Ballard's set-up truly state-of-the-art is its cutting edge telepresence system.

The Nautilus crew can beam live, HD video of microbes at the bottom of the sea to a

biologist sitting in front of an internet connected computer anywhere on Earth, helping

to stretch the extremely tight budgets of oceanic researchers everywhere.

But not every explorer is ready to give up the benefits of seeing a new place with their

own eyes.

In 2012, the deep-pocketed director of Titanic, James Cameron, piloted a submarine he designed

and built himself, the Deepsea Challenger, to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, the deepest

part of the ocean.

[Cameron] "Touchdown.

Surface, this is Deepsea Challenger.

I am on the bottom.

Depth is 35,756 feet.

And everything looks good."

[Bryce] After completing his expedition, Cameron generously donated the multimillion dollar

vehicle to the Wood's Hole Oceanographic Institute.

Manned submersibles have played an important role in the brief history of ocean exploration,

but the discovery of the RMS Titanic, whose story Cameron famously told in his 1997 blockbuster

film, was actually made by Robert Ballard and his unmanned Remote Operated Vehicles.

"September 1st, 1985.

1am. [Ballard] Initially we didn't know if we were on the right trail until that magic

moment when the boiler came underneath our cameras.

'Look at that, what the hell?

Ooh!

God it looks nice.

It's a boiler!

Looks like a boiler.

It's a boiler!

Yes, yes.

[cheering]' We had a picture of that boiler on the wall of the control room and everyone's

head looked to the picture, looked back and we knew it was the Titanic.

'Goddamn!

Break out the champagne!'"

[Bryce] Just like they had done in the search for the Titanic, unmanned Remote Operated

Vehicles can stay submerged for days at a time.

And, with technology getting better by the day, land-based researchers watching on their

computers will feel more and more like they're right down there with the robot on the bottom

of the ocean.

"When I started, ALVIN was really the only effective way to get to the seafloor, to do

science on the seafloor.

ROV's were not a primary tool for getting to the seafloor.

In the 25 years I've been at the institution, ROV's have progressed to the point where

now they're a completely valid scientific tool and they're in use all around the world."

"This vehicle is equipped to handle all sides of deep sea exploration.

These are brand new cameras that we got and they're just phenomenal.

We get detail that you couldn't see in a manned submersible, through a porthole."

But regardless of whether we use humans or robots, what matters most is that we're

giving our scientists the resources they need to continue exploring, learning, and sharing

what they're finding.

"These are the moments I live for.

You spend all this time out on the sea and then, in between all the searching, you make

these incredible discoveries.

Pushback, pushback, pushback.

Make discoveries that completely rewrite history.

That is what an explorer wants to do."

Thanks for watching.

We had a lot of fun exploring the Future of Farming, and since you seemed to enjoy it

too, we'll continue this series with the Future of Internet Infrastructure as one of

our next videos.

That idea was based on an awesome comment suggestion.

Those really help us out, so keep them coming.

Until next time, for TDC, I'm Bryce Plank.

For more infomation >> The Future of Ocean Exploration - Duration: 12:26.

-------------------------------------------

A Escalada de Violências pelo Mundo - Veja o causador em 3D Animado e tire suas próprias conclusões - Duration: 11:44.

For more infomation >> A Escalada de Violências pelo Mundo - Veja o causador em 3D Animado e tire suas próprias conclusões - Duration: 11:44.

-------------------------------------------

Boy George - Bow Down Mister - Duration: 3:43.

♪ From Bombay to Bangalore ♪ ♪ All the Hindus know the score ♪

♪ If you wanna live some more ♪ ♪ Hare, Hare, Hare ♪

♪ If you do not take the vow ♪ ♪ You can eat the sacred cow ♪

♪ You'll get karma anyhow ♪ ♪ Hare, Hare, Hare ♪

♪ Bow down mister ♪ ♪ Hare Rama, Hare Krishna ♪