The Shire was settled by Hobbits in the year Third Age 1601.
The Hobbits had migrated west over the Misty Mountains in the decades before, and lived in Dunland
and parts of the depopulated Arnor splinter-realms Cardolan and Rhudaur before coming to the Shire.
It has been speculated that the Hobbits had originally moved west to escape the evils of Mirkwood, and the trouble caused by the Easterlings.
The Shire was a part of Arthedain and as such a part of Arnor.
The Hobbits were granted official permission from King Argeleb II at Norbury to settle in the Shire, which was not populated at the time, and was seen as the King's hunting grounds.
The Hobbits considered themselves to be subjects of the King, and sent some support troops to the great battles Arnor fought against The Witch-king of Angmar.
For reasons unknown, Angmar did not attack The Shire after it conquered Arthedain.
Tales claim that some Hobbit bowmen were involved at the Battle of Fornost, although no tales of it exist in Men records.
After the fall of Arnor, the Shire remained a small but self-governing province of the Kingdom of Gondor, the Thain's office representing the Crown.
This peaceful situation changed after Bilbo Baggins' acquisition of the One Ring.
Shortly after the first events that led to the War of the Ring,
the Shire was first visited by the Nine Ringwraiths who went as far as Hobbiton, and then it was captured by Saruman.
It was liberated with the help of Frodo, Sam, Merry and Pippin after the end of the Quest of the Ring.
After Aragorn's return as the King of Arnor and Gondor, the Shire became a protected enclave inside the Reunited Kingdom.
Aragorn is known to have issued an edict that forbade the entrance of full-sized Men into the Shire.
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