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With every second year on average frost
events are significant enough to wipe at
tens of millions of dollars of WA's crops.
So it is no surprise that the state's
grain growers place the frost management
at the top of their research, development
and extension priority list. Currently
growers do not have accurate up-to-date
information on how present and emerging
farming practices change the severity of
frosted events. Dr. Ben Biddulph from the
Department of Agriculture and Food WA and
his team are working in this area to
determine the susceptibility of crops to
frost in WA under different farming
practices. So the main work thats getting
done at this site is the benchmarking of
the wheat and barley varieties for their frost
performance values so basically their
relative susceptibility to frost. We've also got
other work looking at how different agronomic
management practices can change frost
damage so we're looking at nitrogen and
seeding rate. We also have a little bit
of work on this site looking at potash
nutrition with Murdoch University
looking at how potash nutrition and
other nutritional factors can influence
the relative susceptiablility to frost. We
also have some work with some external
collaborators with UWA looking at spatially
mapping the spatial and temporal
variation in frost across the actual
trial sites and across the plots. Dr Dion Nicol
researcher from DAFWA is looking at the
implications of agronomic factors
including nitrogen, variety and seeding
rate and how that changes frost
susceptibility. For this we have four
times for sowing within each set of
experiments and we're looking at varying
seed rates of four major varieties and
then get higher and low nitrogen looking in
trying to change the architecture of the
crop from sort of more spread
development through to a more synchronous
canopy where flowering is much tighter and
see how that changes the frost susceptibility.
We also have a series of nitrogen
experiments which is looking at
later applications of low through to
high rates of nitrogen and
seeing if we can see any changes in
frost susceptibility with those and also looking at
developing a more improved physiological
measurements to try and point processes of
my indicate tolerance or susceptibility. The
extensive trial work also looks at how
plants respond after a frost event.
Brenton Leske explains; So we're looking
at two main method here that plants can
compensate from frost damage. Firstly
looking at increases in grain size
and secondly looking at re-tillering
and we're looking to quantify a plants
capacity to respond in those two measures and so
when a whole spike is lost due to frost
does the plant send up new tillers
or if part of the spike is frosted does it
increase grain size through its remaining
grains to help compensate for that loss in
grain number.
There's 20 to 30 trials nationally
conducted each year with complex and
multiple variables measured throughout
the year. As Dr. Karyn Reeves explains this
makes the role of a biometrician a
very important one.
So the role of a biometrician in the
project is to underpin the scientific
rigor of the research and to ensure that
any treatment differences we find that
we can conclude that they're real. Out of
the benchmarking trials we produce the
frost performance values and their
uploaded annually onto the NVT for the new
wheat varieties and they come through.
For the agronomic work that's just in the
first early stages of that work so that
will be 2 to 3 years before we actually
start to present that work to industry
but essentially that will go out through
the normal extension channels in
collaboration with GRDC and
regional updates across Western Australia.
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