Zener Diode or Breakdown Diode, they are sometimes referred too, Zener Diode are basically the
same as the standard PN junction diode.
but they are specially designed to have a low and specified Reverse Breakdown Voltage.
which takes advantage of any reverse voltage applied to it.
In this video we will go to learn about zener diode.
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Zener diode is a particular type of diode that, unlike a normal one, allows current
to flow not only from anode to cathode, but also in the reverse direction, when the so-called
"Zener voltage" is reached.
Zener diodes have a highly doped p-n junction.
Normal diodes will also break down with a reverse voltage.
Also normal diodes are not designed to operate in the breakdown region, but Zener diodes
can constantly operate in this region.
This is The circuit symbol of Zener diode.
For convenience and understanding, it is normally used.
Lets go we will see Construction of zener diode.
The Zener diode's operation depends on the heavy doping of its p-n junction.
The depletion region formed in the diode is very thin. and the electric field is accordingly
very high even for a small reverse bias voltage of about 5 V, allowing electrons to tunnel
from the valence band of the p-type material to the conduction band of the n-type material.
Now we explain I-V characteristics curve of zener diode.
The Zener Diode is used in its reverse bias or reverse breakdown mode; the diodes anode
connects to the negative supply.
From the I-V characteristics curve, we can see that the zener diode has a region in its
reverse bias characteristics of almost a constant negative voltage regardless of the value of
the current flowing through the diode, and remains nearly constant even with large changes
in current as long as the zener diodes, current remains between the breakdown current IZ(min)
and the maximum current rating IZ(max).
This ability to control itself can be used to great effect to regulate or stabilise a
voltage source against supply or load variations.
The fact that the voltage across the diode in the breakdown region is almost constant
turns out to be an important characteristic of the zener diode. as it can be used in the
simple types of voltage regulator applications.
The function of a regulator is to provide a constant output voltage to a load connected
in parallel with it in spite of the ripples in the supply voltage. or the variation in
the load current and the zener diode will continue to regulate the voltage until the
diodes current falls the minimum IZ(min) value in the reverse breakdown region.
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