hello youtubers welcome to my show computer fantastic in today's episode we
gonna take a look at Submersion Cooling because it's becoming the next
big thing so let's dive right into it so why there is a need for Submersion Cooling
well first you have to understand every sort of compute device
like your CPU your GPU these are compute cards you as you can
see it I don't have display output there compute card basically they do the
computation they're becoming very very very power hungry now many of you might
find that odd that every year you say this processor is more energy efficient
more energy how the heck they end up consuming more power it's simply because
how computer chips are made as many of you have seen there is a sort of wafer
silicon wafer that they make now since we can make the transistor
made out of those wafer very small we tend to pack them very closely so each
generation even though it's getting more energy efficient we end up packing so
much in one processor that it ends up consuming too much power and consequence
of that that we are packing so much it also becomes hot not because it's
inherently you know hotter the transistor in one versus transition
another their same problem is they're so compactly you know tightly knit together
that they need high-level cooling otherwise they will simply melt they
will literally melt themselves so because of the this demand like the
processes right now like this AMD threadripper processor can reach upwards
of 300 to 500 watts of power consumption on one device many of the Intel server
grade system can also reach three to four hundred watt not for the server room
but for supercomputer once they can reach that high so suffice to say as
power requirement of the computer era is going up like really UP and let's just not
try to talk about these each of them can easily consume upwards of one kilo watt
so suffice to say the processors the actual computer bits are becoming more
power hungry and we are also you know becoming more and more digitized so we
need more processing power YouTube needs processing power Facebook needs
processing power Google needs processing power so there is a demand for
more processing power and then we come to the new kid you know new kid in the town
which is artificial intelligence and big data so for last 10 to 20 years we've
been collecting data now this data requires a very severe number crunching
and I am talking billions of data point crunched in an hour so suffice to say
because of big data you need a big computer to handle that and this creates
a requirement for supercomputers and artificial intelligence is a very new
frontier but it's gonna need very very high-end computers simply because as
many you have seen recently Google AI can actually cross the Turing test and
flat out like you know talk to a human as a human so how does this thing work
one thing you have to understand we are still doing what's called air cooling
only difference is we are cutting out the middleman this is the crucial aspect
so so earlier we used to have server room and refrigerator unit and then you
know exhaust is going out of wherever you you could have cooling towers you
can have simple radiators whatever you have so we are still using that only
thing we are changing is that from the evaporator side which basically becomes
the cold end of the system we are directly trying to link that cold end of
the system to the hot end of the computer unit basically you are trying
to connect them and generally this connection happens through air now we
are like okay air is very inefficient simply because if you move one liter as
in volume-wise one liter of air it does not have enough molecules in it to
transfer enough energy however you move one liter of oil it can transfer upwards
of 1,000 times more energy from point A to point B so using that fact using that
advantage we are trying to basically remove the middleman and because we are
still air cooling we are still using refrigerator units but all we are doing
is like you know instead of using cold air we are using cold fluid so that's
all we are doing so please be mindful of this don't say like you know we are
replacing this basically air cooling v completely liquid system that is being
tried out right now because there are some solutions which using this oil or
basically phase changing liquid they directly trying to dump the heat into SEA
so those things are also being worked on as we speak so suffice to say
all we are doing is removing the middleman and replacing the air system
with a fluid system now many of you know there are two systems with this
first which you have oil submersion as many of you know type "aquarium PC" you
will get a see all you have to understand about aquarium pcs is just
that oil is there it's not water it look may look like water but it is not water
it's flat out oil and we do not think anybody is gonna use distilled
water no matter how you know non conductive it is because inherently it
will become conductive over time and it's very dangerous so suffice to say
mineral oil is becoming a very very good solution for this and many of you may
have consider you know worries about it what if it catches on fire because it's
oil it literally is flammable be mindful all
the power transformers have this so suffice to say if that kind of power
load cannot you know make this catch on fire your computer really cannot so
that's one method using mineral oil second method which is kind of newer kid
on the block is that as you can see it is submerged in fluid but hot parts
basically your processor it's boiling it off so basically in this nothing changes
basically liquid the remains liquid remains the liquid nothing changes
here what's happening that you submerge your computer into the liquid the hot
part as in processor in this image boils off basically is changing the liquid
from liquid to gas now this fluid is specifically designed and I have
provided link down below that evaporates on much lower temperature as in a
30 degree Celsius to 60 to 80 degrees as they it does not need to reach as high
as 100 degree Celsius like water does and depending on your processor how hot it
can run because you have to make sure if fluid evaporates
much too late it may roast your processor because like your processor
still has end up reaching the temperature where it starts to boil so
you want to make sure your fluid boils as quickly as possible weight you know as close as
possible so 30 degree to 60 degree Celsius is a target and you can find
different mixes in the market that will allow you to achieve that so once this
reaches processor reaches 30 or 60 degrees as it starts to evaporate so
this fluid goes into gaseous phase and moves up in the chain now where it goes
up you have what's called basically evaporator basically a condenser unit
for this gas and evaporator is cooling that gas itself basically it's taking
the heat away from that gas and dumping it away ,by doing so it's condensing the gas back
into liquid and dropping it down and if you are having hard time understanding
it think of it this is heat pipe all it is it's a heat pipe it's
literally like a heat pipe in your normal system the benefit of this
architecture it does not require pumping mechanism because this fluid keeps
moving you don't need pumping mechanism so you
need some seriously strong pumps with this because oil sometimes can make
water look like you know even (EASY) though density wise it does have higher
viscosity which may sometimes correspond in too much you will need basically much
powerful water pumps or fluid pumps for these sort of things so this does not
require pump this does require pump so we come to why the heck we want to do
that if air is good enough that we have been using it so far why the heck we
wanna you know compete against air first it's small and high density to give you
a context what kind of power density we are talking about this is a Cisco
data server that you can buy and this is a normal basically server unit and it
can store upwards of 400 kilo watts of processing power basically if your
computer consumes 400 kilo watt this can handle it of course it has external
cooling and all that but if you go for this basically this is a provide the
link down below this is a oil cooler system this can handle upwards of 1 megawatt
this also has an external cooling solution so as you can see even though
cooling solution in both scenarios are separate and both scenarios are taking
care of the cooling somewhere else they still you know there is a still a huge
gap because if you try to cool this down to like let's say you come to one mega
watt of electrical energy here you have to cool down the air to like minus 80
degree Celsius trying to extract the heat quick enough in oil that's not an
issue or you can easily handle it so suffice to say you can see like both our
container size but see the power difference like in this you can put a
low level supercomputer in this you can barely put a data center
so seconds it's a very simple for architecture like as many of you know
because hot air rises all the air-conditioning unit have what's called
two phase and not two phase I would say two paths cooling solution basically
they collect the hot air from top and distribute the cold air from bottom this
was not done in old data center but now it is almost compulsory in all
data centers but because the cold air is being released from the ground that
means your floor is elevated flow it does have some extra advantage that
it allows you to route cable under the floor and or because which is much
easier to access compared to on top of the racks so suffice to say there are
some advantage but as you can understand this means you also have to build a
completely independent floor so very expensive and low noise because this
thing is directly dumping the heat away from the system there is no need
for fans basically you might say ok it needs pump, pumps are like one pump can easily
handle 100 liters per minute very easily this use will not be compared in terms of
noise level they can barely there gonna be early produced 60 decibel and some
pumps that itself is submerged will produce almost 30 decibel so suffice to
say it's whisper quiet versus this is gonna be loud to give you a context like
service generally end up reaching 70 to 80 decibels of power to understand
that this is not lethal this is not painful but if you are exposed to this
continuously for long enough time as in like few days you're gonna damage your
hearing and many of you have seen Google Data Centers people always have to wear
hearing protection because this will damage you over time not just like you
know you went in the there ,okay now you are deaf it takes time but this also
saves that and this means whenever somebody is working there they don't
need hearing pretending people can communicate much more easily much more
comfortably and that noise simply means you are wasting energy here it's not
happening so you get that and the end of the day nobody cares about anything but
money so money comes from the fact that it's saving power because it's cutting
out the middleman the energy efficiency is upwards of 3 to
5 times more so that's a very significant cooling cost imagine like
you are spending $100 per hour now you have to spend
let's save 10 to 30 dollars per hour that's a significant saving of energy
which will translate into significant saving of your capital your money your
profit basically the thing that actually matters so power saving is the final
aspect that's why anybody is even bothering to do it that's why even Intel
started to you know mass-produced components that can be used in submerged
PC there are other companies like HP and Dell they are also jumping into the fray
and you don't actually need to change anything it's just them they want to
optimize the system so I want to illuminate the fact that there are two
solutions for this one you have oil another you have phase change now in
phases as you can see you don't need a pump because it's acts like a heat pipe
you the thermal energy itself is doing the transfer movement basically the
moving or the fluid is directly happening because of the heat itself so
you don't need pumps in this but if you have something that is consuming lot of
power this is not a good solution so imagine this can give you let's say per
rack it can give you what's up let's have 100 kilowatt if you would dumped
something that is dump generating heat upwards of 200 kilowatt this will not
able to handle it simply because it will evaporate way too quickly and not to
mention let's say for some reason your cooling tower or this cooling system
fails it will be boil it off way too quickly oil can handle that high
temperature for very long time as many of you know transformers internal
temperature can reach as high as like you know 50 to 100 to 500 degree Celsius
it can still handle it so this will not let let's say your cooling system fail
so basically this system stops working your you know basically not only you
gonna have a risk of explosion not explosion as in a fiery explosion but
pressure explosion because there is the vapor being built up as the you know
your fluid will go down your components will be completely exposed with no
cooling so this is very crucial to understand this is why not everybody is
jumping into this it's because this cannot handle very very high heat load
now if you have moderate heat load this can easily take care of it and you will
save extra money by not needing pumps and not needing to you know circulate
the fluid so be mindful because this was from
liquid to gas you use this much more quickly your oil will also evaporate you
will also suffer loss and oil system but that would be like let's say in 1000
liter system you will lose 1 liter per month here you will lose 1 liter per
day so this is not very mindful unless it's completely sealed
you cannot lose flow a coolant much more quickly than oil system so this is the
balancing act if I have to put my money on I will put my own my money on oil
system simply because a it can handle much higher heat loads be the loss of
mineral oil is much more easy to control and not to mention it's also cheaper so
what we can expect in the future one thing you have to understand the current
generation of computer as super computers we have they don't need it
right now but as 2 to 3 generations from now it will be compulsory you have to
do some Submerged cooling otherwise flat out you will not able to build you know
supercomputer compact enough you can still build it you just have to spend it
out you know spread it out over a large area and your power consumption will be
equivalent of a small city as many of you know these things already
consume megawatts of power just for cooling not for anything just for
cooling so it will become a necessity for it second SSD right now all you can
do is dump the processing node you can't dump the data node order basically you
can dunk server hard drives because hard drives have what's called airport and
it's there so because the two balance of the air pressure in the platter while
the platter is spinning at high speeds and also temperature balancing so it
has a port . that if you submerged your hard drive is going to die so for that
reason if SSD starts to become the main stream the next thing basically as this
SSD will be very easy to dump now many of you may ask SSD's are not very you
know power intensive so they may not need cooling yes if you are talking
about one or two but if you are talking about let's say each SSD like this SSD
it's 100 terabyte SSD now it's not 2.5 inch that 2.5 inch largest capacity is
reserved for Samsung 18 tera terabyte this is 3.5 inch and this is very slow
this is not meant for high speed this is meant for like data archiving so this
has only SATA 3 level speed 3.5 inch form factor so this consumes
let's say 5 watt of power now imagine 1000 of these that you are
talking about 5 kilowatt of energy and because if you don't dissipate it
quickly enough it will start to affect or whatever components that is around it
so for that reason these also need cooling now once
SSD is become like they at this point they are already reaching a point where
it's like just a matter of time that all the hard drives in the world in servers
in your computer will be replaced with SSDs one way or the another question is
how many years 5 years or 10 years but this will happen so the moment this also
you know storage unit also goes solid-state you can dunk to those
also second right now submersion cooling while it does save money it does
not you know save your capital investment even though you are saving
capital investment when you are building the home the component itself hasn't
reached a large enough mass production that it will be cheap enough so we still
have to wait for it to become cost competitive right now it's almost
reaching there like running cost is already down however the core raw
capital investment is not low enough yet so we have some you know room for growth
so this was my presentation on submersion cooling I hope you liked it or
learn from it in that case please leave a like if you didn't don't worry about
it and dislike it and I would urge you to comment and share it amongst your
friend who may be interested and as always thanks for watching
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