Yo BMStudents !
My name is BMS : Bored Medical Senseï !
Welcome to the...
Somewhere on Planet Nopaj
615 days before the Hunter Exam
Please teach me Neurology ! I am begging you !
Nope, impossible.
You do not even master the basics.
How dare you...?
One day, I'm gonna become...
... the King of the Docto-
Here it is! I am finally doing a video series
dedicated to the speciality talking about the best organ there is :
Neurology
But before entering the subject, we need some solid foundations:
So in this video, we will be talking about all the basic knowledge you need to have
about the Anatomy of the Brain that could be helpful later on.
In this video, we will be talking about the General Anatomy of the Nervous System:
the different cerebral lobes,
basal ganglia,
ventricles and meninges.
And in a future video, we will be talking about the Histology of the Nervous System:
the description of a neuron,
histology of the cerebral cortex,
and glial cells.
So arm yourselves and take your hammers with you,
Let's go !
1. General Anatomy
The Nervous System can be divided in 3 parts:
The Central Nervous System (CNS)
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
And the Autonomic (or Vegetative) Nervous System (ANS)
The CNS is, as you can tell, central.
It is composed of the Encephalon, which is what is inside our skulls
And its extension downwards: the Spinal Cord,
that is surrounded and protected by our Spine.
And what is exactly inside our skulls ?
The Brain, the Cerebellum and the Brainstem:
which is the small part that connects the Brain to the Spinal Cord.
The Brainstem is also composed of 3 parts:
The Mesencephalon on top,
The Medulla at the bottom,
and the Pons in the middle.
And to top it off, the Cerebellum is located on the back of the Brainstem.
The Cerebellum is like a "mini-brain" that controls coordination, tonus and balance.
You can use the cerebellum as a landmark to distinguish the front side from the back side of the brain,
and the brain kinda looks like a SWAT helmet to me, so that helps.
Now let's talk about the PNS,
it designates all the nerves that come from the CNS with the aim of spreading throughout the body.
In order to execute an order coming from the CNS,
or, at the contrary, bring a peripheral information to the CNS.
And finally, we have the ANS (or VNS):
it is the nervous system that allows our body to face a stressful situation : Fight or Flight.
Or a relaxing situation : Rest and Digest.
It is an Autonomic nervous system, our will does not have any significant effect on it.
it's kinda like our "wild animal" side.
*roar*
But since we're humans, and not animals; we can kinda modulate the ANS with our emotions,
But we're not here to talk about this right now.
Now, since everything is set, let's jump right it !
You guys remember the video I did about the embryology of the NS, Neurulation, right ?
No...?
So you kids ditch YouTube classes now?! You gotta be kidding me!
It's okay, it's fine, it's all just about the formation of a tube, in the end.
And that Neural Tube will grow at the Cephalic region to form 3 big vesicles :
the Prosencephalon will form the Brain,
the Mesencephalon and Rhombencephalon will form the Brainstem and Cerebellum,
and the rest of the tube will form the Spinal Cord.
The Rhombencephalon will divide into Metencephalon and Myelencephalon to form the Pons and Medulla.
The Mesencephalon will stay the same,
and the Prosencephalon will divide into Telencephalon and Diencephalon.
And guess what: the Telencephalon is just a complicated name for "Cerebral Hemispheres".
and the Diencephalon is the small median part of the Brain composed of the 2 Thalami and Hypothalamus
Yes, the plural of "Thalamus" is "Thalami".
and yes, we have 2 Thalami (Left and Right) for one single median Hypothalamus.
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