in the beginning it was darkness and
suddenly the big bang lit the infinite
expanding existence of time the
space and matter
every day new discoveries are
revealing the amazing mysterious and
deadly secrets of that place that
we call the universe is the grand finale
apocalyptic of our corner
galactic the most dramatic event of
the whole history of the solar system
we have discovered burning indications of
violent end of our star and the
consequences will not be good for the
planet earth we could experience
death by the game or by the bequest
new scientific research
describe the real horrors that
wait for our planet
when our sun unleashes its final fury
It will be the kiss of final death
Music
the universe the black future of the sun
our sun has bathed us with light and
energy for more than 4,500
millions of years
but like everything that exists in the
cosmos the star that gives us life
will die one day
and the earth could melt
literally in the evening when the
sun be a hundred times brighter than
now the entire surface of the earth is
will incinerate all the masses of rock that
they form the continents they will melt suns
and they will become seas of lava
ardent the earth will be inevitable the
death of our sun will have a
profound effect on our environment
cosmic
we depend completely on our
mother star located in the center of
solar system more than a million
land could easily fall into the
inside this immense wait for gas and
the client whose core reaches
temperatures of more than 15 million
degrees Celsius
The sun is approximately
149 million and a half kilometers of
us why the earth is not
too hot or too cold is
the perfect distance to maintain
oceans of liquid water and numerous
Ways of Life
Music
we are incredibly dependent on the
Sun energy to survive
first of all the plants use the
solar energy to perform the
photosynthesis and to be able to grow us and
other animals and we feed on
plants and we also eat those
animals
we also use fuels
fossils produced by the
decomposition of plants
the winds is also generated thanks
in the heat of the sun
we need the energy of the sun
practically for everything
all this heat that gives us life
comes from the sun's core a colossal
nuclear reactor composed of three
fourths of hydrogen and one of
it and smaller amounts of elements
heavy
here the hydrogen nuclei are
they combine forming nuclei of it this
process called nuclear fusion radiates
large amount of energy
this car is like a new star
formed like the sun when a
star as the sun is born with the
full fuel tank
so when I fill the deposit
gasoline
it's like when hydrogen is
Concentrate by gravity forming a
dense and fiery core
this gas will be burned later in the
case of a star
hydrogen merges to form the self
what gives the star energy
just like gasoline gives the car the
energy that you need to move and
like a car the sun will end
running out of fuel and the earth
will be left without this crucial source of
energy at the rate at which it transforms
hydrogen in the self someday the
core will simply run out
Hydrogen
We have seen other similar stars
they were born before the sun and
now they are glory
to know what the future black will be like
of the sun
let's go back in time until your
birth
these spectacular gas clouds and
dust are what we call nebulas
are formed by the remains of
dying stars
but by looking more closely
happen to be some stellar places
where the stars are born
our makes about 4,500 million
years in our galaxy
a giant cloud of gas and dust was
compacting itself by the serious one and when the
gravity caused the collapse of the cloud
it releases a lot of energy what
that talent and finally the
nuclear reactions of his son July
they started to convert hydrogen into the
me and a new narrow was born the
remaining star matter began to
swirl around the fresh sun
born was joining and compacting
ended up forming the eight planets of
our solar system including the earth
monagas a solar wind was formed that
dragged all the remaining material
leaving the planets we know and
other additional bodies that
collided they were not met with the
bush plans among thousands of
millions of points of light in the sky
our sun is an average star
there are stars that have a hundred times their
mass and against what may seem
the true color of the sun is not the one
we see when it comes out and it gets to our
sun is really a white star not
a yellow star is white as
this car is true that the peak of its
spectrum is more or less in the
yellow region but it also emits
some blue light green orange light and
red and our retina profile of all
those colors together like the white color
our sun has a lot in common with
humans when I was young was
extremely active and often
unpredictable
what we discovered was very surprising
we discovered that stars like the sun
when they are very young it rotates much more
fast that the sun now imagine something
as big as the sun going around
in a day or less it must have been a kind of
they are very different with rashes
constants throwing particles at
through the space that bombed the
land
now our sun is near the
ecuador of its existence and carries a
life more calm irregular but still
generating a lot of energy
the sun has about 4,500 million
Years
it's a bit short to get to half
of his planned life so it's as if
this car will have a little more
half the deposit
now the sun is burning fuel
that is, fusing hydrogen in the self
at a stable but brutal pace
it's like a 90,000 megaton bomb
burst every second is an amount
of incredible energy on earth
actually we only receive about two thousand
millionth of the energy that is
is producing in the sun day by day
that's enough energy to maintain
lit 29,000 million light bulbs
of 100 watts for an hour the
amount of energy generated in the
Sun's interior is huge
our are will continue to emit energy
throughout his life that is calculated to
It will be about 12,000 million years
in the 90's
the scientists confirmed his age and
when will it be its end
measuring its brightness and its original mass and
analyzing their sound waves
white do not penetrate the sun is opaque
It sounds a bit weird because light comes
with sun but can not pass through
Until recently there was no way to know
what's in the depths of the sun
but now there is a new science the
helioseismology that uses waves
sounds to solder the interior of the sun
so we have managed to find out many
things about the inner structure of
our stars allowing us
specify and confirm the models of
age and evolution of the sun
curiously now our sun is a 30
percent brighter than when
born
as it continues to age it will continue to be
increasingly bright and powerful
our climate is very sensitive to
energy of the sun when we worry
for global warming we
we worry about what humans
we are doing to the atmosphere but
you also have to keep in mind what
the sun is making the atmosphere
the most recent calculation indicates that
maybe 20 percent of the
global warming that we are seeing
is due to son
within a billion years the
luminosity of our star there will be
increased by 10 percent
and the temperatures on our planet
they will be 55 degrees higher
Music
the humidity of the air traps the
infrared radiation and heat well
which is like putting a blanket on the
earth but now comes the most according to
the earth warms and the oceans are
evaporate more and more water we catch
more heat and the earth heats up more
and as the earth gets hotter
we will keep catching more and more heat
and the effect can be triggered
is what we call the greenhouse effect
with the rise in temperatures that
it would cause a greenhouse effect
unbridled life on earth
whole societies would be in danger
they would be forced to take refuge under
land during the day and go out to
outside at night when lowering the
temperatures
but as the
thermometer we would not finally have
where to hide we already know how
the story ends is the planet Venus
when you think of one is only one
30% closer to the sun than the earth
but it's much hotter about
degrees
we do not have the necessary technology to
survive on the surface of venus
but we can imagine what it would do
lack to isolate them from that heat of
so it would be a challenge
in 3,000 million years the brightness of the
sun will have increased by 40
perc
by then the oceans will have
evaporated the earth will have become
in a global desert
the sun will have turned three
fourth parts of the hydrogen of its
core in the self like this car already
you only have one quarter deposit
by then the sun will be more
bright and bigger than there was and the
hotter earth will not be a site
nice to live this
and the solar nightmare is far from
Finish
as the sun approaches its 10 thousand
million soo birthday celebrates began to
the most drastic changes occur
e
if there are still civilizations of
human type that possibilities of
survival will have when the sun
occupy practically the entire horizon
it is an inevitable result when the sun
have 10 billion years old will start
to finish the hydrogen of its nucleus
It will be the beginning of the end for our
star and will not die peacefully
as for the earth warming
global or other cataclysms could
annihilate all living beings in
only a billion years but if
our descendants would have
got somehow survive
until then they would have to do
in front of a real hell when the
sun has burned all the hydrogen in
its core begin to contract over
himself because by not following
running hydrogen and creating that
expansive pressure of the radiation does not
will compensate the gravitational pull
toward the center
although the fusion of hydrogen is
will interrupt in the core will continue
occurring at a faster pace
in the cortex that surrounds the nucleus and that
additional energy will expand the layers
more external south
that means that the sun will become
much more powerful much more luminous
because that layer of hydrogen will be
merging while the core is
contracts at a higher speed than the
normal all the pressure of the energy
generated by the merger in this
hydrogen envelope will make the
outer parts of the sun are
expand becoming a giant
red
a red giant is a star that has
exhausted the primary deposit of
hydrogen from its core leaving in its
place a concentration of it more
heavy and dense a star in size
half as our sun will pass the
last 2 billion years of its
life as a red giant
we call it a red giant because while
this expansion occurs the area of
the surface is going to be so big that
it starts to cool down and in terms of
temperatures the coldest stars
they seem more red during the phase
initial of the red giant will occur
catastrophic changes our sun
will get up to 20 or 30 times its
original size and it will go back to 100
sometimes brighter
while our giant red eyes are
expands will continue to run hydrogen
without ceasing in the layer that surrounds the
inactive nucleus of helium producing
even more was it bundled in the core the
core is compressed and heated
even more and the sun is expanding
over a couple of thousand of
millions of years when the core of the
sun is hot enough to
turn on the sending of what is called a
fly from him
the star equivalent of cefu that we saw
when we have a gas when it is on fire
the helium will get warm enough
to merge in turn creating now
carbon and oxygen in the nucleus
then the dying sun will resurrect
thanks to this new but temporary form
en
Music
I have stayed here lying in the
desert because the
deposit but know that I have here a
reserve drum in the trunk and if
now I put this gasoline in the
car deposit may continue
running a while longer
something similar happens to sos during the
Red giant phase will run out
hydrogen as fuel but it will have
the self that for a brief period some
tens of millions of years
will merge into carbon and oxygen
providing you with a new source of
energy that will keep it active a
little more time at the end of the phase
initial of red giant the dying sun
entry into this stable phase of fusion
of it its temperature will increase though
its size will continue to decline but
this is just the calm that precedes the
storm
this is because in reality the
transition from the red giant sun has
Two phases during the second phase
it depletes the helium of the nucleus that now
It consists of carbon and oxygen and
that nucleus start again at
contract and warm up but will continue
having helium in the core cortex
and will continue to merge and form more
carbon and oxygen in the nucleus in
contraction
and all this will continue to be surrounded by
the hydrogen layer that will follow
working is in the me
Greetings and when the sun turns
in a red giant will expand and what
first thing that will happen will be that gobble
to the mercury planet and then
or incinerate the evaporator will eat it and
then it will be the turn of venus
when the helium that is merging
in carbon it depletes all its energy
the core begins to contract by
second time the outside starts to
expand for the second time everything is
returns urged during the second phase of
the red giant
the intense contractions and expansions
they will make our sun start to beat
slowly like a heart
those pulsations can occur every
several hundred or thousands of years and with
each pulsation will unleash a
planetary pandemonium
mercury and venus are doomed or
the red giant will swallow them well
however there has been some debate
scientific publications on whether to the
earth will happen the same thing not
the sun will expand enough
to engulf the earth
the future of the earth is uncertain
because it is on the edge of the knife
between incineration and
survival
but now astronomers have the
possibility of seeing what the
final destination of our planet
the set of optical telescopes and
Infrared has taken detailed photos
of a dead star kaisei ni that
it is approximately 50 light years from
The Earth
guy signis is nearing the end of his
period of red giant when it has
grown enormously and in the latter
millions of years has begun to be
produces one pulsation every 400 years
approximately in which increases of
size and brightness and it shrinks again
and attenuates if the giant star
caixin and outside our sun had
consumed all the planets until Mars
and the earth and all its extraordinary
life forms had fused with
the materials inside the
dying star
obviously we have not been here
enough time nor will we be for
understand exactly what will happen
when you die
we have to study other stars
to see what the process is
the observation of other stars
dead has allowed us to see what will be
the long-term destiny of our sun
and what awaits the rest of the system
Solar
the earth could be catapulted to a
abyss of fire but recent
investigations indicate that if they were given
the proper cosmic conditions
the fate of our fragile planet
it could be amazingly different
everything has its end
within about five billion of
years our maternal star the sun
Stop feeding your children
planetary
as he started his way to death
it will expand until it multiplies its
size per hundred and devours mercury and
then less
towards the end of its second phase as
giant red the sun will contract and it
will expand several times with each
pulsation our dying star
is getting closer to include
the land but if the
appropriate circumstances
our planet could be saved
there is a phenomenon called solar wind
that soda constantly ripping
materials from the outermost layers of
the atmosphere of the sun and taking them
towards interstellar space its when
the sun begins to expand in the phase
of red giant the outer layers of
its atmosphere will have a cohesion
smaller than now and the solar wind will be
much more prominent
the data indicate that if the solar wind
it takes 30 percent of the mass of
G4
its gravitational attraction is
would weaken enough to allow
that the earth moved away as necessary
to survive if the sun lost part
from its mass to its gravity it would weaken
and the orbit of the earth would be greater
so if we are lucky our
orbit will open enough like
so that the expansion of the sun does not
reach and do not bow down
but even if that happened the earth did not
I would be completely out of danger
although the sun can lose mass
there could also be an interaction
tidal wave with our planet and that
it would have serious consequences
There are at least two competing effects
although as the sun ages it is
losing mass and that means that the
orbit of the earth is moving away
gradually from the sun
It is also true that the earth
be quite close to the surface
of the sun will cause a tidal
bulge of gas in the sun and a
gravitational interaction between that
bulge and the earth would slow down
our orbit making us enter in
a spiral that would bring us closer
gradually to the sun
so maybe the loss of mass we
allows us to get far enough away to
survive but maybe the forces
tide attracts us enough
so that the sun engulfs us and the earth
incinerate if someone comes back inside
five or six billion years
will know what happened at the end
get lucky
an international team of astronomers
has discovered a planet outside of
our solar system that survived
the death of his mother star
this exoplanet is at least three times
bigger than jupiter and orbit
around the star that we have
called 391 sticks and that has a mass
similar to our sun
some exoplanets clearly get
survive the red giant phase of
its star
for example 391 gas and it is a star
that an exoplanet has a planet that
orbit around you and this planet
still there could have a core
rocky like that of the earth and maybe a
central region of irons but we believe
which is mostly gaseous and liquid not
you hit and and your giant gas planet there
an orbital distance similar to that
separates the earth from our sun which is
about 150 million kilometers
astronomers think that this
exoplanet survived because when he died
his star lost mass which reduced
its gravitational pull on the
planet enough to allow that
the planet will go away a little
orbit around 3 91 hits and it's
probably one of those who have been
at the point where they could have
away or having been attracted by
tides but there should not be many
planets that are in that range of
distances in particular one thinks that
it would be normal for the star to
will include it completely or it will move away
much more so if there is a
delicate balance between
two forces for a planet to get
survive in a situation like that
so at least there is a case where the
planet to survive
the bad news is that our case is
different is the planet is bigger
that jupiter and a planet like that
probably more likely
to survive that a small one like the
land
it seems that stellar winds and
thermal pulsations that produced 391
sticks and ripped atmospheric material
of the outermost layers of the
exoplanet and he was thrown into space
despite all the gaseous planet
giant survived because he could
afford to lose a lot of
mass would have lost the equivalent to
one earth or more in mass and of course
if the earth lost that amount of
material would cease to exist a giant
gas like jupiter is not habitable
for humans and but it's interesting
think that when the sun goes through the
phase of giant red jupiter could
survive that the gaseous planet
giant been orbiting around 3 91
and it is not conclusive proof of
that in one way or another the earth goes to
survive the death of our sun
but one thing seems certain long before
that our sun becomes a
red giant our planet will no longer be
viable for life forms
terrestrial any civilization
future will have to emigrate thousands of
millions of years before it breaks loose
the closure
within a billion years and some
of you and that around here
I would recommend that you migrate to Tuesday
Mars instead of being too cold
as now he probably will have a
temperature a little more pleasant if
there is groundwater on Mars and by
now we do not have data nor in a sense
nor in another
maybe you could use some of that
water and enjoy a comfortable
retirement on the planet Mars but
moving to Mars would not be easy
Red planet will be hotter than
now but will continue to lack
some basic conditions for the
life
you would have to create an atmosphere do
lack of high enough pressures to
have liquid water on the surface
you would have to generate oxygen from some
way that a planet or a moon is in
the habitable zone does not mean that it
input abitab
if we were good planners
strategic stimulate and masters the
Plant life growth on Mars
from a billion years before
so we would generate oxygen and we would
the most habitable planet for us
in a little egocentric way we call
to that terraforming and consists of
modify the conditions of another
planet to reproduce them from the earth
I hope we continue here to be able
do what
but although an advanced society
I managed to colonize Mars
this new home would be provisional on
Sun will continue to grow and become
increasingly bright shifting the
habitable zone further and further away
during the red giant phase the
Earthlings will have to migrate again
I made the clouds rich in water of
jupiter or saturn but with each
transfer, new obstacles would appear
more towards the end of the phase of
giant red sun its size and its
brightness will increase faster and faster
so we'll have to move to the
new habitable zone with more and more
frequency
another problem of migrating to a new
planet or moon is that it would be very
difficult very expensive to transfer to all the
human population
then who is elected to an elite
or a social group
that would create many problems
instead of leaving the land before
that the sun becomes a giant
red another alternative could be
move the whole planet
this may sound like science fiction but
you are already thinking about technologies
capable of rescuing the land from
solar apocalypse
the predictions about the death of
our sun have already been widely
accepted within about five thousand
millions of years will begin the
prolonged and violent death of our
star to expand like a giant
red vaporize planets mercury
fast and most likely the earth
if then they still exist
civilizations of human kind will already have
migrated to the outer solar system
and they could have taken the land with
-The?
the challenge will be to find the service
of removals very badly could we
move the land gradually to a
new habitable zone for example and
towing an asteroid and placing it in
an orbit reasonably close to the
land every so often so that it
give a little gravitational tug
to the outside.
right now scientific team are being
doing computer simulations
to evaluate the possibility of moving
the earth using manned rockets
or drones we would have to use candles
solar to carry that asteroid up
the right place
or maybe a rocket propelled by
merger within a billion years
we could have other technologies
who knows what we can do in all
researchers have calculated that
you would have to hunt an asteroid every six
thousand years to keep pulling our
planet outward while
our sun expands and becomes more
brilliant if you could do that very
gradual tells me periodically but to
over millions of years we
we would gradually move away from the sun and
moving at the same pace as the
habitable zone
although we could extend the orbit of
the land until leaving the area
danger your future is still bleak
towards the end of the second phase of
giant red sun its pulsations
unstable will diminish due to
that much of its external atmosphere
It's disappearing
but that will mean that your energy will
is running out quickly
There will not be so much more or more serious
pushing and compressing the thin layer of
it and it will not be so sensitive to the
temperature in this phase the sun will
they will get smaller and hotter and
more blue instead of red and huge
the rate of nuclear reactions
continue to descend at the end when the
star already lost enough mass those
reactions will basically end the
star in this case the sun will be
run out of fuel and start
contracting unlike other
stars our sun will not die with a
gigantic explosion when it pulls out of its
fuel when dying
some stars produce a supernova
an explosion of radiation that
temporarily it can shine more than
a whole galaxy
but why not die to our sun with
some spectacular fireworks
that's what a spectator wants to know
in the question to the gay universe and of
newport rhode island wrote us
because our sun will not produce a
supernova when book dies and the truth
is that I'm glad the sun is not going to
burst like a supernova
there are two reasons the first is that the sun
it's not big enough to blow up
alone the star must have by
at least eight or ten times the mass of
sun to explode by themselves and the
second that the sun does not have a
companion star that can steal
materials what would increase its mass and
it would become unstable and explode
in the last phase of our life
G4
its outer atmosphere a bright
gas sphere we call nebula
planetary would have separated from him
all that remains of our once
powerful star will be a white ember
resplendent what we call a
White dwarf
in that phase it will have more or less the
size of the land and conserve
approximately half of its mass that
that object will continue to have so much
energy that never like the whole of
sun but it was too small and its
radiation will not be very affected and
affected the white dwarfs are small
but extremely dense we imagine
our sun turned into a dwarf
white as small as the earth but
with the same mass of an entire star
if we could take a piece of
white size une-gana material
of this mobile phone despite
about the same as an elephant
so it's a giddens material though
the size of this white dwarf is very
small compared to the sun that
we now have our white dwarf
The sun will begin its withdrawal by consuming its
Thermal energy savings during
billions or even millions of
Years
when the sun becomes a dwarf
white will be like a car that advances
by inertia it has run out of gas
but will continue to move by force
of the inertia that drives it towards
forward but is not generating any
energy burning gasoline the sun
will continue radiating the energy you have
stored in its interior environment
energy generated with the reactions
nuclear that it will produce when it was a
young and powerful star that will be like
a car that continues to advance without
gasoline until finally little to
little they said to each other
all that remains in the solar system
after that transition to the phase of
a white one will go cold
gradually and will continue to rotate
around the white dwarf the times
of orbital decomposition are very
prolonged would continue and as the body
cold does not shout an eternity our sun
become white dwarf will go
gradually cooling and shutting down
not continue generating energy
all the bodies of the solar system
they will start to freeze
but while the vital signs of the sun
keep turning off what will be the
forecast for the earth
in the agony of death
our old sun will turn
unbearably hot in the phase of
giant red and then intolerably
cold as a white dwarf
this could be the kiss of death
for the planet earth that would come out of
the pan to fall in the sky to
when the sun becomes a dwarf
white we can imagine that the
Earth temperatures depending on
the part of their orbit where they will fall
significantly and with enough
quickly because the white dwarf no longer
will produce energy through fusion
and without that energy they will not be able
heat the war
we would end up charred and we
stay where we are during the
phase of red giant but equally
we would die frozen if we were
right here and when the sun turns
in a white
however there would be certain places
where some types of life could
Survive.
for example in the liquid parts of
the depths of the oceans
at the beginning humans could live
theoretically in submarines near the
hydrothermal vents while the
core of the earth would follow
producing geothermal energy
but after a million years the
oceans would have frozen by
complete and the latest forms of life
would inevitably grow when the sun
become the white morning start
make more and more freak like a saucepan
of water in a kitchen when you turn off the
burner there is no longer energy source and
it is cooling little by little if the earth
he manages to survive until the sun
just be a white dwarf will stop
receive energy practically
complete
I can say with absolute certainty that if
we stayed here the time
Satisfactory
We could experience death due
to fire and also someone without
solar energy
all living beings of the solar system
it would disappear
however this disaster could be
avoid if we get what up
now it has been impossible
reproduce the hydrogen fusion of
G4
here on earth
science has already got
artificially the nuclear fission that
implies divided as being more cores
light and small
this is the energy that feeds
our nuclear power plants and that
they release nuclear weapons
Music
but the nuclear fusion that occurs
in the center of the sun involves joining the
nuclei forming larger ones and
heavy and so far that process is not
has managed to reproduce here in the
land
the problem of recreating the conditions
of the sun is to bring materials to
densities and temperatures that occur in
the center of the sun the sun has its
gravity that generates pressures and
high densities until you get those
reactions on earth as we can not
use the gravity of the sun
we have to look for other ways to
try to buy the materials and
generate the densities that would be
necessary.hh
in the national lawrence laboratory
livermore in northern california
a scientific team has accepted the
challenge and is trying to create a
artificial star in miniature
the experiment is to shoot the
biggest laser cannon in the world
size of three soccer fields on
an object the size of a pellet and
full of hydrogen
in a confinement experiment
inertial like that of lawrence livermore
you start with a small ball of about
millimeters in diameter whose core
It is formed by a solid material
It contains a lot of hydrogen
news and whose foreign cinema capable of
different materials designed to
provide an expansive wave that
fulfill that material as much as possible
her husband the colossal laser cannon
will emit 192 separate rays that
will bomb the wait hosted in a
capsule when the outside of the ball
of fuel received the discharge of
these high-powered x-rays should
implode and produce a fusion
nuclear inside
if we had a nuclear fusion
controlled and affordable would change many
aspects of our life but the most
important is that we no longer need
Sun
we could produce light heat energy to
Will
we could live anywhere in the
cosmos where there would be hydrogen and create
our own energy
we could fly to other planets very
fast and in days instead of wide and
we could extract all the water that
we need practically any
material containing hydrogen and
oxygen and if there was no oxygen
Satisfactory
we could create what in the last
instance generates a nuclear fusion
reliable could save the earth and all
His way of life
eliminating our dependence on the sun
Music
but the fate of the sun is sealed
when it becomes a white dwarf it
will go off and cooling
the star that for so long has
bathed in energy the whole system
Solar
finally it will fade
There will come a time when the sun will
it would have cooled so many that not even
It will be visible to the naked eye in this
phase some employ the terms in to
the black or dark star I will be
invisible and will stay there floating in
the space almost eternally our
solar system can not postpone your appointment
with destiny within five thousand
millions of years but the death of a
planetary system can trigger the
birth of another
the nebula of our sun finish
merging with other materials
stellar and breed the next
generation of stars and some of
they could nourish another planet
full of life as the earth
a
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