[ ♪♪♪ ]
[ ♪♪♪ ]
[ ♪♪♪ ] [ APPLAUSE ].
>>> LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, THANK
YOU FOR WATCHING.
WELCOME TO WATCH THIS SPACE.
I'M THE HAS AN ADMINISTRATOR JIM
BRIDENSTINE.
THE VIDEO YOU JUST WATCHED WAS A
VIDEO OF SOME OF AMERICA'S
FINEST AND, IN FACT, SOME OF
CANADA'S FINEST.
THESE ARE OUR NEW GENERATION OF
ASTRONAUTS.
WE CALL THEM ASTRONAUT
CANDIDATES.
WE HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO MEET
THEM TODAY.
N.A.S.A. IS ON THE BRINK OF
DOING SOME AMAZING THINGS.
WE ARE FIRST THE FIRST TIME
SINCE 2017 ON THE PRECIPICE OF
LAUNCHING AMERICAN ASTRONAUTS.
THIS HASN'T BEEN TONNE SINCE THE
RETIREMENT OF THE SPACE SHUTTLE.
WE'RE GOING TO DO THAT NEXT
YEAR.
THESE ASTRONAUTS ARE GOING TO
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
ON CREW.
THEY'RE NOT PURCHASING THESE
ROCKETS IN THE PAST; N.A.S.A. IS
BUYING A SERVICE FROM OUR
COMMERCIAL CREW PROVIDERS.
IN THIS CASE SPACEX AND BOWING
AND THE VEHICLE WILL BE
LAUNCHING ON THE AMERICAN
ROCKET.
THIS IS AN EXCITING TIME.
THE TIME BEING WE CAN DRIVE DOWN
COSTS AND INCREASE ACCESS WHERE
N.A.S.A. IS ONE CUSTOMER OF MANY
CUSTOMERS WITH PROVIDERS THAT
ARE COMPETING ON COST AND
INNOVATION IN LOWER EARTH ORBIT.
THIS IS EXCITING FOR THE U.S.A.,
IT IS EXCITING FOR N.A.S.A. AND
THE BIG REASON WHY WE'RE DOING
THIS WITH COMMERCIAL CREW
BECAUSE IF WE CAN DRIVE DOWN
COSTS AND COMMERCIALISE LOWER
EARTH ORBIT, WE CAN GO FURTHER.
THE PRESIDENT HAS PUT OUT SPACE
POLICY DIRECTIVE 1 AND SAYING
WE'RE GOING BACK TO THE MOON.
WE'RE GOING BACK TO THE MOON
WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS AND
COMMERCIAL PARTNERS.
WE'RE GOING UTILISE THE
RESOURCES OF THE MOON AND THIS
TIME WHEN WE GO TO THE MOON IT
IS GOING TO BE SUSTAINABLE; IN
OTHER WORDS, WE'RE GOING TO
STAY.
WE'RE GOING TO STAY WITH ROBOTS
AND LANDERS AND ROVERS AND
HUMANS GOING BACK AND FORTH FROM
THE SURFACE OF THE MOON WHICH WE
DAUL GATEWAY WHICH IS IN THE
MOON AROUND DEEP SPACE. THERE'S
EXCITING THINGS HAPPENING AT
N.A.S.A.
THE PEOPLE THAT ARE GOING TO BE
ON THESE MISSIONS, THE ONES THAT
WILL FLY THEM, THAT NEXT
GENERATION OF NEIL ARMSTRONG AZ
AND BUZZ ALDRONS, THEY'RE GOING
TO BE HERE.
LET'S GET STARTED.
[ APPLAUSE ]S AZ
AND BUZZ ALDRONS, THEY'RE GOING
TO BE HERE.
LET'S GET STARTED.
[ APPLAUSE ]AZ
AND BUZZ ALDRONS, THEY'RE GOING
TO BE HERE.
LET'S GET STARTED.
[ APPLAUSE ]
AND BUZZ ALDRONS, THEY'RE GOING
TO BE HERE.
LET'S GET STARTED.
[ APPLAUSE ] [ APPLAUSE ]
[ APPLAUSE ].
>>> IN FACT AN A LOT OF PEOPLE
AROUND THE COUNTRY ARE
INTERESTED IN WHO YOU ARE AND
WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO DO ON
BEHALF OF THE U.S.A. AND CANADA
AND ON BEHALF OF THE WORLD.
THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE AND
PARTICIPATING IN THIS, THANK YOU
FOR THIS AUDIENCE LOVE ON YOU
FOR A FEW MINUTES THERE.
A LOT OF ENTHUSIASM.
PLEASE HAVE YOUR SEATS.
WE WILL START WITH KAYLA AND GO
DOWN THE ROAD.
IF EACH OF YOU WOULD TAKE A FEW
MOMENTS, TELL US WHAT YOUR NAME
IS, WHERE YOU'RE FROM AND A
LITTLE BIT ABOUT YOUR
BACKGROUND, WHERE YOU COME FROM
AND WHAT GOT YOU TO THE POINT
WHERE YOU'RE READY TO BE AN
ASTRONAUT.
>> THANKS FOR HAVING US HERE.
IT IS AN ONHOUR TO BE HERE.
MY BACKGROUND IS IN NAVY.
IN THE CLASS OF 2010 AND SERVED
ON SUBMARINES BEFORE COMING TO
N.A.S.A.
I'M FROM WASHINGTON STATE.
>>> SINCE I'VE BEEN THE
ADMINISTRATOR I'VE HAD A LOT OF
DEBRIEFS FROM OUR ASTRONAUTS WHO
LIVE AND WORK ON THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
I CAN TELL BASED ON THOSE THAT
YOUR EXPERIENCE ON SUBMARINES,
LIVING IN CLOSE QUARTERS WITH
OTHER PEOPLE IS VALUABLE GOING
FORWARD.
>> I'M ZINA.
I WENT TO CHAPEL HILL AND THEN
PEN STATE.
I WAS A MICRO BIOLOGIST STUDYING
CAVES IN THE DEEP SEA.
>>> THANK YOU.
>> I'M ROGER AND I GREW UP IN
IOWA AND WAS AN AIR FORCE TEST
PILOT.
I GO BY GRAND YEAH.
>>> THAT'S YOUR CALL SIGN?
>> YES.
>>> MATTHEW.
I GREW UP IN COLORADA.
I WENT FOR UNIVERSITY FOR
ENGINEERING.
I WAS AN NAVAL TEST PILOT.
>> I'M BOB.
I GREW UP IN PENNSYLVANIA, WENT
TO BOSTON UNIVERSITY AND THE
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA A.
I WAS A TEST PILOT AND WORKED AT
N.A.S.A. FOR A RESEARCH PILOT AS
A FEW YEARS BEFORE SELECTED FOR
THIS COLLAR.
>> I'M WOODY FROM PENNSYLVANIA.
I WENT TO MI T AND SPENT TIME
BEOING BEFORE GETTING SELECTED.
>> I'M JOHN.
BORN AND RAISED IN L.A.
I WAS AN OPERATOR AND WENT TO
UNIVERSITY AND BECAME A MEDICAL
DOCTOR BEFORE HERE.
>>> WHEN YOU SAY SPECIAL WARFARE
OPERATOR, MOST OF US WOULD KNOW
THAT AS A NAVY SEAL; START?
>> THAT'S CORRECT.
>> I'M JOSHUA.
I GREW UP ON A CATTLE FORM IN
CANADA.
I STUDIED MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
AND PRIOR TO COMING HERE I WAS
AN AIR FORCE TEST PILOT.
>> I'M JASMINE.
I GREW UP IN BALD WIN NEW YORK
ON LONG ISLAND.
PRIOR TO COMING HERE I WAS A
COVER PILOT AND TEST PILOT FOR
THE U.S. MARINE CORPS.
>> I'M LAUREL.
I GREW UP IN EFFECTS AS AND WENT
TO THE UNIVERSITY THE CAN DAYS.
BEFORE THIS I WAS AN ENGINEER
WHERE I WORKED ON RESEARCH
SUBMARINES AND ROBOTS.
>> FRONK FROM FLORIDA.
I GRADUATED IN 1998 IN ARMY.
PRIOR TO THIS I WAS A PILOT AND
A PHYSICIAN WORKING WITH SPECIAL
FORCES GROUP BEFORE SELECTED.
>> I'M JENNY.
I'M A CANADIAN ASTRONAUT.
I STUDIED AT UNIVERSITY.
I WAS WORKING AS AN ENGINEERING
PRF PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY
AT CAMBRIDGE AND I STUDIED FIRE.
>> I'M JESSICA.
I'M FROM COLORA DOSHGS ON.
I STUDDED AT STAB FORWARD AND
DID MARS GEOLOGY WORKING ON THE
MARS ROVER.
>>> IT HAS TO BE REALLY HARD,
ESPECIALLY FROM PLANET EARTH.
>> YES.
THAT'S WHY I STOOD UP FOR THIS
JOB.
>>> WE'RE GOING TO TRY TO MAKE
THAT EASIER FOR YOU.
>> THAT SOUNDS GOOD.
>>> JUST SO EVERYONE KNOWS THE
RULES OF THE ROAD HERE, THIS IS
LIVE ON THE N.A.S.A. CHANNEL.
IT'S ALSO ON SOCIAL MEDIA.
THERE ARE PEOPLE OUT THERE WHO
MIGHT WANT TO IS A QUESTION OF
ONE OF THESE -- ASK A QUESTION
OF ONE OF THESE FABULOUS
N.A.S.A. CANDIDATES.
YOU CAN USE HASHTAG ASK N.A.S.A.
WE WILL GET YOU IN THE QUEUE.
IF YOU'RE IN THE AUDIENCE HERE
AND YOU HAVE A QUESTION,
CERTAINLY THINK ABOUT WHAT THAT
QUESTION MAY BE.
WE HAVE FOLKS WITH MICROPHONES.
LET'S BEGIN.
I WILL START WITH THE FIRST
QUESTION AND I'LL JUST START
WITH YOU KAYLA, SINCE YOU'RE
FRONT AND LEFT HERE, CLOSEST TO
ME.
YOU'RE IN THE DIRECT LINE OF
FIRE.
WHAT IS SOMETHING THAT HAS
SURPRISED YOU ABOUT N.A.S.A.
AND/OR AS TROE NOUGHT TRAINING?
IMPRISONMENT I THINK WHAT HAS
BEEN THE MOST IS HOW MUCH I'VE
BEEN ENJOYING THE JET.
I'VE HAD A REALLY GOOD TIME
DOING IT AND I LEARNT A LOT FROM
TRAINING IN THAT ENVIRONMENT.
>>> IN THE T38, DOES EVERY
ASTRONAUT BECOME A PILOT?
>> NO.
THE ASTRONAUT TO HAVE A
BACKGROUND IN AVIATION, THEY DO
IT CERTIFIED TO BE A PYTHAGORAS
LOT IN A FRONT SEAT.
THE REST LEARNING HOW TO FLY IN
THE BACK SEAT.
WE AUSE IT AS AN ANALOGUE FOR
TRAINING AND ENVIRONMENT THAT IS
RISKY, OPERATING REAL EQUIPMENT
AND YOU HAVE TO LEARN HOW TO
COMMUNICATE AND COOPERATE WITH
THE TEAM MATE.
>>> DID YOU FLY AT ALL
COMMERCIALLY OR CIVILLY WHEN YOU
WERE A SUBMARINE WARFARE
OFFICER?
>> NO.
I WAS JUST FOCUSED ON LEARNING
HOW TO OPERATE A NUCLEAR REACTOR
AND DRIVE A BOAT, OPERATING
UNDER THE SEA.
THAT WASN'T REALLY MY AREA OF
EXPERTISE, BUT I'VE HAD A LOT OF
FUN SCRATCHING THE SURFACE OF
THAT SO FAR.
>>> THAT'S FANTASTIC.
OPERATING A NUCLEAR REACTOR IS
TOUGH.
I'M SURE IT WILL SERB YOU WELL
LIVING AND WORKING IN SPACE.
>> ASTRONAUT I HOPE SO.
>>> XENA?
>> THERE ARE A LOT OF SURPRISING
THINGS IN A GOOD ONE.
ONE OF THE MOST SURPRISING IS
HOW DIFFERENT EVERY DAY OF OUR
TRAINING IS.
YOU MIGHT BE IN A CLASS LEARNING
ONE HOUR AND THE NEXT HOUR
YOU'RE WALKING TO THE AREA PORT
TO GET INTO A JET.
IT IS COOL GETTING TO DO THAT
ALONGSIDE CLASSMATES WHO COME
FROM SUCH DIVERSION BACKGROUNDS.
>>> ROGER.
>> WHAT SURPRISES HE IS THE
AMOUNT OF PEOPLE AND DEDICATION
THAT SUPPORT ALL THE TRAINING,
THINGS WE DO.
WE HAD OUR FIRST RUN AT THE NBL
AND THE NUMBER OF DIVERSS THAT
INVOLVED, ALL THE PEOPLE SHOWING
UP TO SUPPORT THAT, WHETHER IT'S
SIMULATORS AND HAVING A WHOLE
TEAM OF PEOPLE WATCHING FOR A
FULL DAY, JUST TO SUPPORT OUR
INDIVIDUAL TRAINING IS AMAZING
TO ME.
IT REALLY SPEAKS VOLUMES TO THE
FACT THAT EVERY ONE IN THE
AGENCY IS DEDICATED TO US
CONCEDING AND ALSO THE MISSION
SUCCEEDING.
I GET PAID TO DO THIS AND THERE
ARE USUALLY TEN OR 20 OTHER
PEOPLE THERE TO HELP ME IMPROVE
AND GET THE MISSION DONE.
THAT'S OPINION REALLY COOL TO --
BEEN REALLY COOL TO SEE.
>>> THERE'S SO MANY DIVERSION
BACKGROUNDS ON THE STAGE.
THINKING ABOUT THE HISTORY OF
FLYING, A LOT OF PEOPLE GO BACK
TO APOLLO, GEMINI OR MERCU ARE,
Y.
IN THOSE MISSIONS IT WAS LARGELY
AIF YAUTORS.
WHICH YOU ARE ONE.
NOW IT IS IT DIVERSION AND
BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER WHERE
YOU CAN WORK TOGETHER AND MIZ
THE OPPORTUNITIES -- MAXIMISE
OPPORTUNITIES IN SPACE.
DOING IT IN THE TRAINING
ENVIRONMENT IS IMPRESSIVE.
THANK YOU FOR THE AMAZING
COMMENTS.
WE HAVE OUR FIRST QUESTION FROM
SOCIAL MEDIA.
WE WILL GO TO THE SOCIAL MEDIA
QUESTION.
IT IS: WHAT ASTRONAUT DO YOU
LOOK UP TO THE MOST AND TAKE
INSPIRATION FROM?
I'M GOING TO OPEN THIS UP TO THE
FIRST PERSON WHO IS WILLING TO
RAISE THEIR HAND.
IF YOU HAD TO PICK AN ASTRONAUT
THAT YOU LOOK UP TO, WHO WOULD
THAT BE?
>> OBVIOUSLY A VERY DIFFICULT
QUESTION.
TO PARAPHRASE, QUOTING FROM
SOMEBODY SMART, STANDING ON THE
SHOULDERS OF - I THINK IT WAS
NEWTON -- STANDING ON THE
SHOULDERS OF GIANTS.
WHEN I WAS ON BOARD THE U.S. S
EISENHOVE NEIL CAME OUT TO
VISIT.
HE WAS HUMBLE AND YOU COULD
TERROR HE WAS MISSION ORIENTED
AND JUST DID HIS JOB QUIETLY AND
RESPECTFULLY.
HE IS A GOOD PINNACLE FOR THIS
JOB TO LOOK UP TO.
>>> THERE IS A NEW MOVIE COMING
OUT ABOUT HIS LIFE WHICH I HAVE
SEEN MANY IT IS EXTREMELY
MOVING.
FOR THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED IN
SPACE AND INTERESTED IN HISTORY,
THIS IS A MOVIE ABOUT A PERSON,
ABOUT A PERSON'S LIFE.
I'VE GOT TO TELL YOU WHEN THE
MOVIE WAS OVER, I COULDN'T MOVE.
I JUST SAT THERE.
I JUST KIND OF WAS THINKING
ABOUT HIS LIFE.
THE FACT THAT YOU HAD THE
OPPORTUNITY TO MEET HIM.
DID YOU MEET HIM WHEN HE WAS
THERE?
>> YES.
HE CAME OUT WITH A COUPLE OTHER
FOLKS WHILE WE WERE UP THE COAST
DOING OPERATIONS IN AFGHANISTAN.
>>> THAT SHOWS YOU HIS
DEDICATION LONG AFTER HIS
SERVICE WAS OVER, MILITARY AND
N.A.S.A., HE WAS STILL FOCUSED
ON BEING INVOLVED IN THE LIVES
OF THE PEOPLE THAT WERE DOING
WHAT HE USED TO DO.
SO THAT IS GREAT.
LOOK AT YOU NOW.
DID YOU KNOW THAT THIS IS WHAT
YOU WANTED TO DO?
>> YES, ABSOLUTELY.
>>> IT STILL INSPIRED YOU?
>> HE WAS AN INSPIRATION. HE WAS
SOMETHING IN THE DISTANCE OF
MAYBE I COULD BE HERE.
>>> ANYBODY ELSE?
>> I ECHO THAT. I HAD AN
OPPORTUNITY TO MEET HIM SEVERAL
YEARS AGO.
SAME THING.
HIS HUE HUMILITY AND HIS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO THE GIANT TEAM
THAT IS N.A.S.A. THAT GOT HIM
THERE IN THE INDUSTRY BEHIND IT.
HIS HU MILITY WAS INSPIRING.
ALSO JOHN YOUNG, WHO PASSED
AWAY, BUT HIS PROFESSIONALISM
AND HIS EXPERIENCE AND
DEDICATION TO ADVANCING HUMAN
SPACE FLIGHT WAS VERY
INSPIRATIONAL AS WELL.
>>> IT'S INTERESTING YOU MENTION
JOHN YOUNG.
IF I REMEMBER RIGHT, HE WAS
INVOLVED IN APOLLO. HE FLEW
THE SPACE SHUTTLE AS WELL.
>> YES.
A VERY BROAD EXPERIENCE.
SO HE GOT TO WALK ON THE MOON
AND FLEW THE FIRST SPACE SHUTTLE
FLIGHT.
THAT WAS MY INSPIRATIONAL MOMENT
WHEN I WAS A YOUNG KID GETTING
TO WATCH.
AND FOLLOWING THAT MISSION IS
WHAT SET MY SITES ON THIS
INITIALLY.
>>> THANK YOU FOR THAT.
I WAS INFORMED THAT WE MIGHT
HAVE A QUESTION FROM THE
AUDIENCE.
DOES SOMEBODY WANT TO RAISE
THEIR HAND?
WE'VE GOT MICROPHONES AVAILABLE.
YOU HAVE TO STAND UP AND TALK
INTO THE MICROPHONE..
>> WHAT IS THE HARDEST PART OF
YOUR TRAINING?
WHAT WAS THE HARDEST PART OF
YOUR TRAINING?
>>> THEY PROBABLY HAVE THE
HARDEST PART COMING UP, BUT THAT
IS A GOOD QUESTION BECAUSE
THEY'VE BEEN THROUGH STUFF
ALREADY.
>> I THINK I WOULD PROBABLY SAY
LEARNING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
FIRST.
SOME OF US MAY FLY TO THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
WHERE WE WORK CLOSE WITH
PARTNERS THERE.
AS A 33-YEAR-OLD LEARNING
ANOTHER LANGUAGE IS DIFFICULT.
IT REMINDS ME OF I HAVE A
FAVORITE QUOTE WHICH IS IT'S NOT
THAT HARD, BURR IT'S A LOT OF
IT.
I THINK THAT GOES FOR OUR
TRAINING AS WELL.
WE DO A DIVERSION RANGE OF
THINGS, FLYING, BEING IN THE
NEUTRAL BOUYANCY LAB, LEARNING
VARIOUS THINGS, A RANGE OF
EVERYTHING WE DO.
>>> OTHERS?
MOST DIFFICULT THINGS?
SOMEBODY HAS GOT TO HAVE
SOMETHING DIFFICULT THAT THEY'VE
DONE.
>> I'D HAVE TO ECHO WHAT WOODY
SAID, AND THE WIDESPREAD
KNOWLEDGE.
EVERYTHING FROM RUSSIAN TO THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
THERE'S SOMETHING NEW EVERY DAY.
RECENTLY SOME OF US HAS GOTTEN
TO TRAINING THE INITIAL POINTS
LAB IN THE SPACE SUIT.
I HAD MY FIRST RUN LAST WEEK AND
I FOUND THAT TO BE ONE OF THE
MORE PHYSICALLY CHALLENGING
THINGS IN THAT YOU HAVE TO BE -
WE TAKE THINGS FOR GRANTED SUCH
AS LIFTING YOUR ARM UP ABOVE
YOUR HEAD WHICH IS FOREIGN IN
THAT SPACE SUIT.
I FOUND THAT TO BE CHALLENGING
AND HUMBLING AND WAS A LOT OF
FUN.
>>> EVEN FOR A NAVY SEAL.
>> YES.
>>> AWESOME.
I'VE GOT A QUESTION I WILL ASK.
I WILL TAKE THIS POINT OF
PRIVILEGE TO IS A QUESTION.
BOB, IT IS DIRECTED TO YOU.
THIS IS AN IMPORTANT THING.
A FEW MINUTES AGO WE WERE
MEETING IN ANOTHER ROOM GETTING
TO KNOW EACH OTHER A LITTLE
BETTER AND YOU PRESENTED ME THIS
PATCH
PATCH.
THE FIRST REACTION WAS THAT'S
INTERESTING.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT ASTRONAUT
CANDIDATES, ABOUT OUR BRAND NEW
CLASS OF ASTRONAUTS AND YOU GIVE
ME A PATCH WITH A TURTLE ON IT.
SHARE WITH ME AND THE AUDIENCE
WHY THIS PATCH HAS A TURTLE ON
IT?
>> JUST OUR ANNOUNCE. LAST
SUMMER THE VICE PRESIDENT CAME
DOWN AND HE HELPED INTRODUCE OUR
CLASS TO THE COUNTRY AND DURING
HIS SPEECH HE TOLD THE STORY
ABOUT A TURTLE ON A FENCE POST
AND IF YOU WALK INTO A FIELD AND
SEE A TURTLE ON A FENCE POST YOU
KNOW IT DIDN'T GET THERE ITSELF.
THAT TRANSLATES TO EVERYONE
HERE.
THERE IS A HUGE SUPPORT
STRUCTURE BEHIND US, WHETHER IT
BE OUR SPOUSES AND KIDS, OUR
PARENTS OR MENTORS, ALL THAT
STUFF, THEY ALL PLAYED A HUGE
ROLE IN GETTING US TO THE POINT
THAT WE'RE AT NOW.
SO MUCH LIKE WE WERE ALIEU
LEWDING TO NEIL ARMSTRONG
ACKNOWLEDGING MASSES BEHIND
THAT, WE HAVE THE SAME THING.
MANY PEOPLE BEHIND US GETTING US
HERE.
THE CLASS IN FRONT OF US TOOK AN
OPPORTUNITY TO NAME THE TURTLES
AND WE'VE IMPRESSED IT AND IT IS
-- EMBRACED IT.
>>> IT IS IMPORTANT.
WE HAVE HERE TODAY NOT JUST THE
ASTRONAUTS BUT THE NEWEST CLASS
OF FLIGHT DIRECTORS AND WE'RE
GOING TO DO ANOTHER SHOW.
THEY MIGHT NOT BE READY FOR ME
TO ANNOUNCE THIS, BUT WE WILL DO
ANOTHER JUST LIKE THIS ONE WITH
THE FLIGHT DIRECT YOURS SITTING
IN YOUR SEATS -- DIRECTORS
SITTING IN YOUR SEATS.
THEY ARE JUST AS CRITICAL TO ALL
OF YOUR MISSIONS AS YOU ARE AS
ARE SO MANY OTHERS HERE AT
N.A.S.A. AND OUR CONTRACTORS AND
OUR PROVIDERS OF THE SERVICES.
WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO SHOWCASE
THE INTERIR ENTERPRISE THAT AT
THE END OF THE DAY -- ENTIRE
SURPRISES, THAT YOU ARE TAKING
ON THE RISK AND PEOPLE OUT THERE
DOING EVERYTHING POSSIBLE TO
MAKE SURE THAT YOU'RE SAFE AND
PREPARED AND THAT WE'RE GETTING
THE ABSOLUTE BEST DISCOVERY AND
SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION FROM
WHAT YOU'RE DOING AND THAT IS
THE HISTORY AND TRADITION OF THE
COMPANY.
I LOVE THE STORY, THE PATCH, THE
TURTLES AND I APPRECIATE YOU
SHARING THAT.
[ APPLAUSE ].
>>> ANOTHER QUESTION.
HOW IS THE CURRENT RESEARCH IN
SPACE HELPING YOU TO PREPARE
HUMANS FOR A JOURNEY TO MARS AND
BEYOND?
BEYOND?
>> I WILL TAKE THIS ONE.
>>> FOR EVERYBODY, JESSICA IS
THE MARS GEOLOGIST FROM PLANET
EARTH.
>> YES, CORRECT.
I THINK THERE IS ACTUALLY A LOT
OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH
THAT ARE GOING TO BE NECESSARY
TO HELP PREPARE A SPORT, A
JOURNEY TO THE MOON OR TO MARS
OR WHENEVER THAT DESIGNATION
MIGHT BE.
I THINK ONE BIG PIECE OF THAT IS
SENDING ROBOTICS TO THESE
PLACES, SO TO MOON AND MARS WE
HAVE INSTRUMENTS THAT ARE IN
ORBIT AND ALSO THE ROVER IS
PROVIDING US WITH AN
UNDERSTANDING OF THESE BODIES,
FIRST FINDING A GOOD PLACE FOR
US TO GO THAT HAS RESOURCES THAT
WE MIGHT BE ABLE TO USE, AND
ALSO IS SAFE FOR US.
RELATED TO THAT STUDYING THE
RADIATION INVOLVED IN THE
JOURNEY TO PARTICULARLY TO MARS,
HOW WE CAN MITIGATE THAT RISK
FOR US AS HUMANS.
THERE'S A LOT OF REALLY GREAT
WORKING BEING DONE ON THAT AT
NASA.
I'M WORKING ON GETTING ROCKETS
TO GET US TO THE MOON AND OUT TO
MARS AND BACK IS A BIG PART OF
THAT.
I THINK THERE'S A LOT THAT KIND
OF GOES INTO THIS BIG PICTURE OF
HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT.
WE HAVE TOUCHED ON THAT BUT WE
REALLY ARE THE TIP OF A REALLY
LARGE ICEBERG.
THERE'S A LOT OF PEOPLE PUTTING
TIME AND ENERGY INTO SOLVING
THESE TOUGH PROBLEMS TO ALLOW US
TO EXPLORE FURTHER.
.
>>> THAT'S A WONDERFUL RESPONSE.
A LOT OF THINGS THAT NASA DOES
THAT PEOPLE DON'T SEE, BEHIND
THE SCENES RIGHT NOW WE'RE
DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY, WE HAVE
AMAZING SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS
THAT ARE ADVANCING SOLAR
ELECTRIC PROPULSION TO HELP US
GET TO MARS, WHAT'S CALLED THE
HIGHEST SPECIFIC IMPULSE
POSSIBLE.
WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO GET THERE
WITH PROPULSION THAT DOESN'T -
WE DON'T WANT TO LAUNCH MASSIVE
AMOUNTS OF FULTS INTO SPACE TO
GET TO MARS.
SO SOLAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION CAN
HELP US GET THERE FASTER AND
EFFICIENTLY WITHOUT LAUNCHING SO
MUCH MASS INTO SPACE.
WE'RE TRIGG TO FIGURE OUT THE
ANIESOLOGIST WITH THE DEEP SPACE
RADIATION, MICRO GRAVITY
ENVIRONMENT.
ON THE I.S.S. WE HAVE HAD
ASTRONAUTS FOR 18 YEARS THERE
WITH AN INTERNATIONAL TREATY AND
OUR ASTRONAUTS ARE DEMONSTRATING
THAT HUMANS CAN, IN FACT, LIVE
AND WORK IN SPACE.
THERE ARE NO DOUBT CHALLENGES TO
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND WE'RE
LEARNING WHAT THOSE ARE AND
WE'RE PUTTING IN PLACE COUNTER
MEASURES FOR THAT ACTIVITY.
SO THERE'S A LOT HAPPENING.
WHAT I THINK IS IMPORTANT TO
NOTE ALSO IS THAT THE MOON IS
ACTUALLY AN AMAZING PROVING
GROUND.
WE CAN GO TO THE MOON.
IT'S A THREE-DAY JOURNEY HOME.
WE KNOW IN THIS ROOM BECAUSE
WE'RE FOLLOWERS OF THE HISTORY,
APOLLO 13, WHICH SOME CALL A
DISASTER AND OTHERS AN AMAZING
SUCCESS, IT WAS POSSIBLE TO
BRING OUR ASTRONAUTS HOME
BECAUSE IT WAS A THREE-DAY
JOURNEY HOME.
HAD SOMETHING LIKE THAT HAPPENED
ON THE WAY TO MARS, IT WOULDN'T
HAVE WORKED OUT, BUT IN THIS
PARTICULAR CASE THE MOON IS AN
AMAZING PROVING GROUND TO
DEMONSTRATE THE TECHNOLOGIES TO
REDID YOU SAY THE -- REDUCE THE
RISK, PROVE EVERYTHING WE NEED
TO KNOW ABOUT LIFE AND SCIENCE
AND PHYSIOLOGYS SO WE CAN MAKE
THAT JOURNEY TO MARS.
YOU MENTIONED ROBOTICS.
AGAIN, WE HAVE LEARNED SO MUCH.
THE UNITED STATES IS THE ONLY
COUNTRY AND WE'VE DONE IT WITH
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS, BUT
WE'RE STILL THE ONLY COUNTRY
THAT HAS LANDED ON THE SURFACE
OF MARS WITH LANDSERS AND
ROVERS.
WE'VE DONE IT SEVEN TIMES AND ON
NOVEMBER 26 THE MONDAY AFTER
THANKSGIVING WE'RE LANDING ON
MARS FOR AN 8TH TIME WITH
INSIGHT, WHICH IS A GEOLOGIST, I
KNOW YOU'RE GOING TO BE REALLY
INTERESTED IN WHAT COMES FROM
THAT.
WE'RE GOING TO BE ABLE TO GET A
3D IMAGE OF WHAT THE INSIDE OF
MARS IS LIKE.
WE WILL STUDY MARS QUAKES, HOW
ACTIVE IS THE GEOLOGY, HOW OFTEN
IS IT IMPACTED WITH METEORS AND
THESE THINGS THAT ARE GOING TO
BE NECESSARY, NOT JUST TO
UNDERSTAND THE PLANET BUT ALSO
TO PREPARE FOR AN EVENTUAL HUMAN
LANDING WHICH A MARS GEOLOGIST
MIGHT BE THE RIGHT PERSON TO
SEND ON A JOURNEY TO MARS.
SO A LOT OF REALLY EXCITING
THINGS HAPPENING AT NASA AND, OF
COURSE, YOUR INSIGHT THERE IS
VALUABLE.
SO I'M GOING TO GO BACK TO THE
AUDIENCE.
THERE HAS TO BE ANOTHER PERSON
THAT'S INTERESTED IN ASKING.
WE'VE HAVE A COUPLE OF YOUNG
FOLKS WHICH I'M THRILLED TO SEE.
STAND UP, SAY WHAT YOUR NAME IS
AND IS THE QUESTION.
>> I'M ANNE.
WHAT EXCITES YOU THE MOST ABOUT
GOING TO SPACE?
>>> WHAT EXCITES YOU THE MOST
ABOUT GOING TO SPACE.
LAUREL?
>> I THINK THE ONE THING OR ONE
OF THE THINGS THAT I'M MOST
EXCITED ABOUT IS JUST GETTING TO
SEE THE EARTH FROM THE UNIQUE
PERSPECTIVE OF BEING IN SPACE
WHERE YOU CAN SEE IT ALL BY
OURSELVES OUT THERE IN THE
VASTNESS OF SPACE, EVERYBODY ON
THE PLANET.
IT WOULD BE ABORIGINE
OVERWHELMING FEELING AND GIVE
YOU A UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE -- AN
OVERWHELMING FEELING.
>>> I LOOK BACK AND THIS YEAR
WE'RE CELEBRATING THE
ANNIVERSARY OF APOLLO 8 WHICH
WAS THE FIRST TIME WE ORBITED
THE MOON AND WE GOT PICTURES FOR
THE FIRST TIME IN HISTORY OF THE
EARTH IN ITS ENTIRETY FROM THE
VICINITY OF THE MOON.
OF COURSE, THAT PICTURE HAS NOW
BEEN, OF COURSE, LIFE MAGAZINE
AND PRETTY MUCH EVERY
PUBLICATION ON THE PLANET
COVERED THAT AND IT REALLY
CHANGED THE PERSPECTIVE OF A LOT
OF PEOPLE, WHO WE ARE AS EARTH.
WE'RE THIS PALE PLU DARK IN THIS
OCEAN OF DARKNESS AND HOW
IMPORTANT THIS PLANET IS -- PALE
BLUE DARK.
SOMEBODY ELSE?
>> MY NAME IS SIMEEHAW.
WHAT MAKES YOU WANT TO BE AN
ASTRONAUT?
WHAT DROVE YOU OR STILL DRIVES
YOU TO BECOME AN ASTRONAUT?
>> THANK YOU FOR THAT QUESTION.
I GET ASKED THIS A LOT.
WHEN I THINK ABOUT IT, IF I
THINK ABOUT TO WHEN I WAS YOUR
AGE, FOR EXAMPLE, I TELL PEOPLE
THAT THE ONE THING THAT I
REMEMBER MORE THAN ANYTHING IS
JUST BEING SUPER CURIOUS ABOUT
EVERYTHING, WANTING TO EXPLORE
AND LOOK AND GO FURTHER AND IF
THERE WAS SOMETHING THAT I HAD
NEVER DONE AND THAT I VIEWED AS
BEING VERY DIFFICULT TO DO, I
WANTED TO GO AND TRY TO DO IT TO
SEE WHAT I WOULD LEARN FROM
MYSELF ABOUT DOING IT.
AS I GREW UP, I DEVELOPED OTHER
INTERESTS.
I STARTED TO BECOME REALLY
INTERESTED IN FLYING AND SCIENCE
AND THEN I GOT INTO TEST FLYING
AND ALL THE REST OF IT, BUT
REALLY THE VERY FIRST THING WAS
THIS OVERWHELMING CURIOSITY.
ON A BEGGAR SCALE IT IS
IMPORTANT TO US, TO US AS HUMANS
IN THE WORLD THAT WE ENGAGE IN
THAT, THAT WE'RE CONSTANTLY
REDEFINING WHAT THE IMPOSSIBLE
IS, PUSHING LIMITS AND LOOKING
FURTHER.
FOR ME THAT'S WHERE IT STARTED
AND I THINK THAT'S STILL A BIG
PART OF WHY I'M HERE AND EXCITED
TO GO TO WORK EVERY DAY.
A GOOD QUESTION.
>>> I'M GOING TO JENNY.
>> I WANT TO ECHO WHAT JOSHUA
SAID IN THAT CURIOSITY IS A BIG
COMPONENT AND A BIG DRIVER FOR
WHAT WE DO.
IT CERTAINLY WAS VERY MOTIVATING
IN MY CASE AS WELL. SPACE FLIGHT
IS REALLY INTERESTING AND SUCH
THAT WE KNOW WE'RE GOING TO
LEARN A LOT.
WE DON'T NECESSARILY KNOW WHAT
WE'RE GOING TO LEARN, I MEAN THE
TECHNOLOGIES THAT COME FROM THE
FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE WE GAIN
FROM EXPLORING.
>> SOMETIMES WE LEARN HOW MUCH
WE DON'T KNOW.
>> EXACTLY.
IT'S JUST THIS INCREDIBLE
JOURNEY.
IT'S REALLY INSPIRING.
ONE OF THE THINGS I'D BE REALLY
EXCITED ABOUT ADDING TO WHAT
LAUREL SAID AS WELL, SEEING THE
EARTH FROM THAT PERSPECTIVE,
IT'S ALSO THE EXCITEMENT THAT
COMES WITH WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO
LEARN SO THAT CURIOSITY AND I
GUESS PUSH TO LEARN MORE IS
INCREDIBLE MOTIVATING, I THINK,
FOR MOST OF US.
>>> YOU SOUND LIKE A PHD.
>> I TRY TO HIDE IT.
>>> FRAVRNG?
>> SURE -- FRANK?
>> SURE.
WE COME FROM VERY DIFFERENT
BACKGROUNDS BUT MANY HAVE
SIMILAR PERNTS IN THAT WHEN WE
WERE YOUNG WE LOVED TO EXPLORE,
AND I THINK THAT THAT DRIVES --
PERSONALITIES.
THAT DRIVES, IT IS DEEP WITHIN
ALL OF US.
WHAT WE DO IS REPRESENT TEAMS,
WE REPRESENT NASA, OUR
MILITARIES, OR SCHOOLS, BECAUSE
I THINK HUMANITY IS DRIVEN BY
WANTING TO EXPLORE.
THAT'S A NEAT PRIVILEGE.
>>> WE'RE GOING TO GO TO SOCIAL
MEDIA AND THEN I KNOW WE'VE GOT
ANOTHER QUESTION FROM THE
AUDIENCE.
MANY OF NASA ASTRONAUT
CANDIDATES HAVE MILITARY FLIGHT
EXPERIENCE, BUT WHAT OTHER
FIELDS OF STUDY ARE ESSENTIAL
FOR BECOMING AN ASTRONAUT?
THERE'S A VERY DIVERSION GROUP
OF BACKGROUNDS HERE.
>> DESPITE THE FACT THAT I'M
ACTUALLY ONE OF THOSE MILITARY
AIF YATORS -- AVIATORS.
IT IS A DIVERSION GROUP AND WE
HAVE SO MANY PEOPLE THAT HAVE
DONE INTERESTING THINGS.
YOU THINK OF THE FIRST CLASS OF
NASA.
IT WAS ALL MILITARY AIF YATORS
AND I'M -- AVIATORS AND WE'VE
MOVED AWAY FROM THAT.
WE HAVE TAKEN MANY COURSES IN
GEOLOGY AND IT'S SO APPLICABLE
TO WE'RE TALKING ABOUT EXPLORING
OTHER BODIES OTHER THAN EARTH.
WE OF DONE A LOT OF ANALOGUES
BACK AND WE CAN LOOK AT CERTAIN
THINGS ON EARTH AND WHAT DOES
THAT TELL US ABOUT SEEING OIRNGS
ON OTHER BODIES.
XENA STUDIED SOMETHING WAY ABOVE
MY HEAD, BUT ONE OF THE MOST
EXCITING THINGS, THE POSSIBILITY
OF PA FINDING LIFE SOMEWHERE
OUTSIDE OF EARTH AND I THINK
THOSE WOULD PLAY INTO THAT.
JOHNNY AND FRANK WHO ARE MEDICAL
DOCTORS.
SO MUCH OF WHAT WE'RE STUDYING,
ESPECIALLY TALKING ABOUT
LONG-DURATION MISSIONS IS THE
EFFECTS ON THE BODY, RADIATION
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALL
THOSE THINGS.
WOODY, LAUREL, ANY TIME WE'VE
GOT A QUESTION ON MECHANICS OR
ANYTHING WE GO TO OUR RESIDENT
EXPERT WOODY.
SO MANY OF THESE THINGS.
WE'RE STUDYING SUCH A DIE
DIVERSION AND BROAD RANGE, WE
HAVE SUCH BROAD BACKGROUNDS THAT
WE NEED TO PULL TOGETHER.
>>> YOU SAID XINA AND JESSE,
I'VE BEEN THE ADMINISTRATE OR
FOR FIVE MONTHS NOW AND THERE
HAVE BEEN SO MANY DISCOVERIES
ABOUT IS THERE LIFE OUT THERE.
WE KNOW SINCE I'VE BEEN HERE, WE
KNOW THAT THERE IS LICK IED
WATER ONE AND A HALF KILOMETERS
UNDER THE SURFACE OF MARS.
THAT'S A DISCOVERY WE DIDN'T
KNOW WHEN I STARTED.
IT IS FUNNY TO SEE THE CHIEF
SCIENTIST AT NASA SAY THIS,
"GUESS WHAT WE JUST FOUND?
", AND TO KNOW THERE WILL BE
PEOPLE, IN FACT MAYBE THE FOLKS
HERE ARE TAKING THOSE MISSIONS
TO LEARN EVEN MORE WITH HUMAN
EXPLORATION.
WE NOW KNOW THAT THERE'S COMPLEX
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON THE SURFACE
OF MARS.
IT DOESN'T GUARANTEE THAT
THERE'S LIFE, BUT IT INCREASES
THE PROBABILITY THAT THERE IS
LIFE, WHICH IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT
DISCOVERY AGAIN JUST IN MY SHORT
FIVE MONTHS HERE.
THE IDEA THAT METHANE CYCLES ON
MARS ARE PERFECTLY CORRELATED
WITH THE SEASONS OF MARS AGAIN
DOESN'T GUARANTEE LIFE BUT
INCREASES THE PROBABILITY.
THIS DIVERSION GROUP OF FOLKS
THAT -- DIVERSION GROUP OF FOLKS
IN THIS CLASS IS GOING TO HAVE
OPPORTUNITIES TO MAKE AMAZING
DISCOVERIES.
IF WE'RE SUCCESSFUL IN YOUR TIME
AT NASA, AND I CAN'T MAKE ANY
GUARANTEES, SOME PEOPLE ARE
OLDER THAN OTHERS, BOB, BUT IT
WOULD BE AMAZING IF SOME OF THE
PEOPLE HERE WERE TO MAKE THAT
FIRST TRIP TO MARS AND I THINK
THAT'S IN THE REALM OF
POSSIBILITY.
WE'RE GOING TO THE MOON, WE'RE
GOING TO RETIRE THIS RICK AND
THEN WE'RE GOING TO PROVE OUT
THE TECHNOLOGIES AND TAKE
GATEWAY, THAT FIRST GATEWAY IS
GOOD PROVING TECHNOLOGY.
THE SECOND ONE IS DEEP SPACE
TRANSPORT AND THAT COULD BE OUR
VEHICLE TO GET TO MARS.
SO A LOT OF EXCITING THINGS AND
THE BACKGROUNDS HERE IS AMAZING.
ANOTHER QUESTION FROM THE
AUDIENCE.
>> I'M RYAN.
I WORK FOR NASA.
SO YOU ARE GOING TO ACTUALLY
HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO DO
SOMETHING THAT MOST PEOPLE ONLY
GET THEORETICALLY TO DO.
WHAT WOULD YOU TAKE WITH YOU TO
A DESERT ISLAND?
SO YOU'RE LITERALLY, THERE'S NO
STORAGE AND YOU HAVE TO THINK
HARD ABOUT WHAT TO TAKE.
HAVE YOU GOT THOUGHTS ABOUT
NATAL?
>>> A GOOD POINT.
>> WOODY.
I WOULD TAKE WOODY.
I THINK I'D TAKE A LONG-RANGE
RADIO.
>> SATELLITE PHONE.
>> IN ALL SERIOUSNESS, LOOKING
TOWARDS THE MISSIONS, WE HAVE
TALKED ABOUT IT A LOT OF TIMES,
BUT WE'RE THE TIP OF THE
ICEBERG.
WITHOUT THE ABILITY TO COMMUNITY
WITH THE TEAM, WE HAVE DIVERSION
BACKGROUNDS BUT ANYONE BY
OURSELVES WOULD NOT LAST LONG.
COMMUNICATION TO ME WOULD BE THE
MOST IMPORTANT THING TO HELP
WITH THE JOURNEY AND ALSO TO
SHARE THAT JOURNEY, BUT MORE
IMPORTANTLY JUST TO STAY ALIVE
ON THE JOURNEY BECAUSE THERE ARE
A WHOLE BUNCH OF THINGS ON THAT
SPACECRAFT THAT I NEED HELP
WITH, OR DESERT ISLAND.
>>> GREAT.
I'VE IN THIS QUESTION A LOT AND
THE QUESTION IS HOW MANY
APPLICANTS WERE THERE TO BE IN
YOUR CLASS?
DOES ANYBODY HERE KNOW THE
ANSWER OFF HAND?
>> I THINK IT WAS AROUND 18,000.
>>> 18,000 PEOPLE APPLIED FOR
YOUR JOB AND YET THIS GROUP HERE
WAS SELECTED.
OF COURSE THIS WAS A NEW THING.
WAS THERE ANYBODY ON THE STAGE
THAT HAD APPLIED FOR THE
ASTRONAUT POSITION PREVIOUSLY?
WE HAVE A NUMBER OF FOLKS.
HOW MANY TIMES DID IT TAKE?
I HAVE TALKED TO ASTRONAUTS THAT
WORK HERE AT THE HEADQUARTERS
BUILDING THAT HAVE SAID THEY GOT
ACCEPTED ON THEIR 8TH
APPLICATION TO BE IN THE
ASTRONAUT CORPS.
IT SHOWS THAT THIS PERSON WAS
QUALIFIED AND STILL IS QUALIFIED
AS YOU ARE IT'S STILL EXTREMELY
DIFFICULT TO GET INTO THE CORPS
AND YET HERE YOU ARE.
IF YOU DON'T MIND, SHARE WITH US
THE EXPERIENCE OF THE FIRST
APPLICATION, SECOND, THIRD,
WHATEVER AND THEN ULTIMATELY
WHAT IT WAS LIKE TO FINALLY GET
THE YES.
ANYONE?
>> I APPLIED THREE TIMES.
I STARTED APPLYING BASICALLY AS
SOON AS I WAS OLD ENOUGH.
THE FIRST TIME I APPLIED I WAS
STILL IN GRAD SCHOOL AND I DON'T
THINK I MET THE BASIC
QUALIFICATIONS.
THIS IS MY THIRD TIME APPLYING.
I GUESS THAT'S ALL.
>>> AWESOME.
BOB?
>> I THINK ONE OF THE UNIQUE
THINGS ABOUT THE APPLICATION
PROCESS THAT WE GO THROUGH IS WE
GET TO SPEND TWICE A FULL WEEK
WITH THE OTHER PEOPLE THAT ARE
ALSO COMPETING FOR THE SAME JOB.
THAT'S PRETTY UNIQUE TO MOST ANY
OTHER JOB THAT'S OUT THERE.
ONE OF THE THINGS THAT OUR EYES
ARE OPENED TO IS THE QUALITY OF
THE APPLICANTS THAT ARE COMING
IN.
MOST OF US WOULD AGREE THAT
THERE ARE MULTITUDES OF OTHER
PEOPLE THAT ARE JUST AS OR MORE
QUALIFIED POTENTIALLY THAN WE
ARE.
SO WE'RE INCREDIBLY BLESSED AND
FORTUNATE TO HAVE BEEN SELECTED
BY NASA ON THIS.
WE, OBVIOUSLY, ENJOY IT.
WE'VE GOT A GREAT GROUP DYNAMIC
WITH OUR GROUP AND THAT'S PART
OF WHAT GOES INTO, I THINK,
MAKING A GOOD COHESIVE CLASS FOR
US.
TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTION, THIS IS
MY THIRD APPLICATION AND I DID
NOT INTERVIEW AT ALL ON EITHER
OF THE FIRST TWO.
SO IT'S AN INCREDIBLE EXPERIENCE
TO GO THROUGH THAT PROCESS, BUT
IT IS VERY EYE-OPENING.
AS MANY MAY OR MAY NOT KNOW, AS
PILOT FIGHTERS THERE'S AN EGO
THAT GOES LIKE THAT, BUT IN A
GROUP LIKE THIS YOU REALISE YOU
JUST FLY PLANES.
>>> KAYLA, YOU'RE A SUBMARINER,
U.S. NAVY.
WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM SOCIAL
MEDIA WHICH I THINK IS
INTERESTING ABOUT AN LUNAR BASE.
IT ASKS HOW WOULD AN LUNAR BASE
OR COLONY SFAEKT THE FUTURE OF
SPACE TRAVEL -- AFFECT THE
FUTURE OF SPACE TRAVEL?
HAVE YOU HAD THOUGHTS ABOUT
THIS?
>> AS YOU POINTED OUT, THE
OPPORTUNITY TO WORK ON THE MOON
IS A GREAT PROVING GROUND FOR
FUTURE EXPLORATION DEEPER IN
SPACE.
I THINK THERE'S A LOT WE CAN
LEARN FROM OPERATING IN EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS.
WE'RE DOING THAT ALREADY HERE ON
THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH.
SUBNASA HAS A LOT OF PROJECTS
INCLUDING NE MO, WHICH IS AN
OPPORTUNITY TO LIVE UNDER WATER
AND BASICALLY A SUBMERGED
HABITAT AND DO SCUBA DIVING THAT
SIMULATES DOING A SPACE WALK.
THE BASE JUST TAKES THAT TO THE
NEXT LEVEL.
IT WOULD TEACH US A LOT ABOUT
HOW WE NEED TO OPERATE WHEN
WE'RE FURTHER FROM EARTH AND
SUPPORT TEAM AND WHEN WE HAVE
FEW RESOURCES.
>>> I GET THIS QUESTION A LOT
BECAUSE PEOPLE WANT TO KNOW WHY
ARE WE GOING BACK TO THE MOON.
WE HAVE GOT GEOLOGISTS HERE AS
WELL.
WHEN YOU THINK BACK TO THE
APOLLO PROPOSAL WE LANDED SIX
TIMES ON THE SURFACE OF THE MOON
WITH 12 PEOPLE.
EACH TIME IT WAS IN THAT REGION
OF THE MOON.
WHEN WE THINK ABOUT GATEWAY AND
WHAT IT IS, WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
A HABITAT IN ORBIT AROUND THE
MOON.
WHAT THE GATEWAY WILL ALLOW US
TO DO IS TO HAVE MORE ACCESS TO
MORE PARTS OF THE MOON THAN EVER
BEFORE.
THINKING BACK IN HISTORY, PEOPLE
HAVE THOUGHT ABOUT THAT THERE
MIGHT BE WATER ICE ON THE
SURFACE OF THE MOON.
WHAT WE HAVE DISCOVERED IN 2008
AND IN 2009 THAT THERE IS WATER
AND DISCOVERED THAT THERE ARE
HOLD-UPS OF BILLIONS OF TONS OF
WATER ICE ON THE SURFACE OF THE
MOON.
THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS HOW IT
WOULD AFFECT THE TRAVEL WATER
ICE IS SUPPORT.
UTILISING THE RESOURCES OF THE
MOON FOR LIFE SUPPORT WATER IS,
OF COURSE, THERE TO DRINK.
ICE MELT IT, YOU'VE GOT WATER,
CRACK IT INTO HYDROGEN AND
OXYGEN, WHICH IS NECESSARY TO
BREATHE, AND WHEN PUTTING THOSE
IN CRYOGENIC FORM THAT'S ROCKET
PROPULSION.
SOME WILL BE LAUNCHING FROM
LIQUID OXYGEN NITROGEN ROCKET.
THIS IS AN IMPORTANT QUESTION,
SOMETHING WE NEED TO THIS THINK
ABOUT.
WE PUT HABITATIONS ON THE
SURFACE OF THE MOON, WE WILL GET
MORE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE
SURFACE.
1969 WE HANDED ON THE MOON AND
IT TOOK UNTIL 2009 BEFORE WE
KNEW THAT THERE WERE HUNDREDS OF
BILLIONS OF WATER ICE.
HOW MANY DO WE STILL NOT KNOW
ABOUT THE MOON?
COULD THERE BE, AND I DON'T HAVE
AN ANSWER, NOBODY ELSE DOES, BUT
WE KNOW THERE ARE RARE EARTH
METALS ARE THAT EXTREMELY
VALUABLE.
THEY'RE AS TROYED IMPACTS, NOT
EARTH METALS AT ALL. COULD THERE
BE THOSE METALS ON THE SURFACE
OF THE MOON WHERE THERE'S AN
ACTIVE GEOLOGY AND WOULD THEY BE
RIGHT WHERE THEY IMPACTED A
BILLION YEARS AGO OR HOWEVER
LONG AGO IT MIGHT HAVE BEEN.
THESE ARE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
ABOUT THE SURFACE OF THE MOON
AND WHAT COMES NEXT FOR THE
FUTURE OF SPACE EXPLORATION.
I'M GOING TO GO TO A QUESTION
THAT I HAVE HERE ON A CARD.
I MENTIONED SLS, WE MENTIONED
COMMERCIAL CREW GOING BACK AND
FORTH TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION ON COMMERCIAL ROCKETS.
X
XENA, WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT WHAT
MISSION YOU'D HIKE TO BE
INVOLVED IN, WHAT WOULD BE YOUR
DREAM CHOICE AND WHY?
>> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION AND I
THINK WE ALL HAVE THE VERY CORNY
BORING ANSWER THAT SERIOUSLY WE
WOULD TAKE ANYTHING.
IT IS EXCITING TO ME THAT YOU
CAN EVEN ASK THAT QUESTION AND
THAT THERE ARE MULTIPLE OPTIONS
FOR US TO CHOOSE FROM.
THAT'S AN EXCITING TIME TO BE A
PART OF THE SPACE PROGRAM.
I WOULD GO ON ANY MISSION WITH
ANY ONE OF THESE TURTLES.
>>> YOU'RE RIGHT.
THE IDEA THAT WE'VE GOT TWO
DIFFERENT, VERY DISSIMILAR
DESIGNS WITH UNITED LAUNCH
ALLIANCE AND BEOING AND SPACEX,
LAUNCHING TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION NEXT YEAR WITH
HUMANS AND AT THE SAME TIME
WE'RE BUILDING THE LARGEST
ROCKET, BIGGER THAN THE STATUTE
OF LIBERTY.
THAT HAS GOT TO BE INTIMIDATING,
NOT THAT THE OTHERS AREN'T, BUT
WHAT AN AMAZING OPPORTUNITY IN
THIS COUNTRY TO HAVE ALL OF THIS
AND NOW ON THE PRESS PIES OF
SEEING IT REALIZED -- PRECIPICE
OF SEEING IT REALIZED.
THEN WANT TO WEIGH IN?
JESSE WANTS TO GO TO MARS SO ALL
ABOUT THE LCS.
>> I WOULD DEFINITELY TAKE IT,
YES.
I JUST WOULD PIGGYBACK ON.
IT IS SUPER EXCITING TO HAVE
THOSE OPPORTUNITIES TO ACTUALLY
ON THE HORIZON WHEN IT'S JUST
BECAUSE OF ALL OF THE GREAT WORK
FOR OF THE TALENTED PEOPLE AAT
NASA.
>>> ANYONE ELSE?
IMPRISONMENT I COMPLETELY ECHO
THAT.
WE WOULD TAKE ANY MISSION AND BE
EXCITED.
THE FACT THAT WE'RE BUILDING A
NEW GATEWAY OUT NEAR THE MOON, I
THINK THE OPPORTUNITY TO BE
INVOLVED IN INSTRUCTING THAT IS
EXCITING.
WHILE I WOULD TAKE ANYTHING,
THAT'S THE KIND OF THING OUT
THERE SAYING IT'S AMAZING.
>>.
>>> IF WE NEED INFORMATION ABOUT
ORBITAL PHYSICS, THEY GO TO YOU.
MAYBE YOU CAN SHARE FOR THE
AUDIENCE WHO A CERTAIN ORBIT IS.
DON'T DO THAT, UNLESS YOU WANT
TO..
>> I CAN TRY.
WE HAD A GOOD DISCUSSION ABOUT
THIS AT DINNER LAST NIGHT.
WE ARE TRUCKING ABOUT PUT --ING
- TALKING ABOUT PUTTING THIS
GATEWAY IN AN INTERESTING ORBIT,
ONE AROUND THE MOON THAT HAS A
LOT OF CONVENIENT PROPERTIES.
FOR EXAMPLE, IT IS EASY TO
CHANGE THE PLAIN OF THAT OR FWIT
IF YOU COMPARE IT LIKE A SIR LAR
ORBIT -- CIRCULAR ORBIT.
IT GIVES POSSIBILITIES LIKE
GOING TO DIFFERENT PLACES IF WE
DO WANT TO GO DOWN TO THE
SURFACE.
>>> THE IDEA BEHIND THE GATEWAY,
WE THINK BACK TO THE OPOLLO ERA
AND THINK ABOUT A COMMAND
MODULE, THE ROCK ET ON THE
LAUNCH PAD.
WHAT CAME BACK WAS THAT LITTLE
THING AT THE VERY TOP THAT HAD
PEOPLE ON BOARD.
THAT WAS ALL THAT CAME BACK AT
THE END OF THE DAY.
IMAGINE ARCHITECTURE THAT WE
WANT TO BUILD THAT IS
SUSTAINABLE WHERE ALL THE PIECES
OF THE ARCHITECTURE ARE
REUSABLE.
WHAT THE GATEWAY REPRESENTS IS A
REUSABLE DEMAND MODULE THAT CAN
GO TO DIFFERENT ORBITS AROUND
THE MOON, TO L1 AND L2, YOU CAN
CHANGE WHAT THAT ORBIT IS, WHICH
GIVES YOU MORE ACCESS TO MORE
PARTS OF THE MOON THAN VRP
BEFORE TO MAKE THOSE AMAZING
DISCOVERIES.
SO WE'RE THRILLED TO HAVE YOU
INVOLVED IN THAT ACTIVITY.
GET THROUGH CANDIDATE TRAINING
AND I'M SURE YOU WILL BE
INVOLVED IN ALL THOSE KIND OF
ACTIVITIES.
DID YOU HAVE SOMETHING ELSE?
I KNOW WE HAD ANOTHER QUESTION
FROM THE AUDIENCE OVER HERE.
A LOT OF QUESTIONS FROM THE
AUDIENCE.
>> GOOD MORNING.
IF YOU WERE ALLOWED ONE PERSONAL
ITEM TO TAKE INTO SPACE TO
REMIND YOU OF HOME, WHAT WOULD
THAT BE?
>> I HAVE AN ANSWER TO THIS.
AT HOME I HAVE AN OLD-TIME
PIECE, MECHANICALLY WOUND AND IT
WAS BUILT-IN THE LATE 1800S
PROBABLY.
IT CAME FROM MIGRATE GRANDER
THROUGH MY FATHER.
I STILL HAVE THAT ON MY DESK AT
HOME.
IT IS AMAZING TO ME TO SIT AND
LOOK AT THIS AND THINK THAT IN
REALLY A SHORT TIME SPAN OF JUST
A FEW GENERATIONS, WE'RE SITTING
HERE WITH THESE PEOPLE TODAY AT
NASA TALKING ABOUT ACTUALLY
GOING TO THE MOON AND BEYOND.
JUST SOMETHING FUNDAMENTALLY
AMAZING TO THINK ABOUT IN TERMS
OF THE PACE OF HUMAN INNOVATION,
IN TERMS OF WHAT WE CAN DO WHEN
WE COME TOGETHER AND TRY TO DO
IT AND JUST IN TERMS OF HOW
EXCITING THE FUTURE IS.
THERE'S PROBABLY NOT WEIGHT FOR
THAT BUT THAT'S WHAT IT IS THAT
I WOULD TAKE.
>> FOR ME IF YOU ASK ANY OF MY
CLASSMATES, I REALLY LOVE
PICTURES, WHICH IS I'M ALWAYS
THE ONE SNAPPING PICTURES ON ALL
OUR TRIPS.
WHEN I DID MY DEEMPLOYMENT I
ALWAYS CARRIED A BOOK OF
PICTURES OF MY FRIENDS AND
FAMILY.
SO I THINK I WOULD BRING THAT.
>>> WHAT DID YOU FLY?
>> HELICOPTERS IN THE MARINE
CORPS.
>>> YOU WOULD TAKE THOSE
PICTURES ON DEPLOYMENT IN THE
COBRA?
>> I WOULD.
I WOULD CARRY THEM IN MY POCKET.
>>> MORE QUESTIONS FROM THE
AUDIENCE.
NO OFFENCE, BUT WE WILL START
WITH THE YOUNG FOLKS.
>> MY NAME IS JORDAN.
WHAT WAS YOUR FIRST REACTION
WHEN YOU GOT TO NASA?
>> I HAD THIS BHOEL SPEECH --
WHOLE SPEECH PREPARED FOR SAYING
THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY,
IT'S GREAT THAT I MADE IT THAT
FAR BECAUSE I WAS CONVINCED I
WASN'T GOING TO GET IT.
I PICKED UP THE PHONE AND I
ACTUALLY HAPPENED TO BE AT HOME
OVER LUNCH AND MY WIFE WAS
THERE.
IT WAS A COMPLETE SHOCK.
I KNOW THAT SOUNDS TRITE, BUT IT
REALLY JUST IS, YOU NEVER SPECK
TO GET IT.
I'M NOT AN EMOTIONAL PERSON BUT
I STARTED CRYING. IT WAS ONE OF
THOSE, HUH, WHAT'S GOING ON?
JUST A LITTLE BIT.
IT WAS JUST AN OVERWHELMING
EXCITEMENT THAT I WAS SHOCKED
BY.
>> I WOULD ADD TO THAT.
I THINK THE CLASSES COVERED
THOROUGHLY HOW WE ALL FEEL ABOUT
HOW COMPETITIVE THE PROCESS IS,
HOW AMAZING ALL OF THE OTHER
CANDIDATES FOR THIS JOB WERE AND
HOW LUCKY WE ARE TO BE HERE.
ONE NOTE I WANT TO ADD,
ESPECIALLY FOR THE VISITING
GUYS, THINKING ABOUT WHAT YOU
WANT TO DO GOING FORWARD AS
MIDDLE COOLERS, THAT'S WHEN WE
STARTED TO THINK ABOUT WHAT WE
WANTED TO BE WHEN WE DPRU UP IN
A SERIOUS WAY, AND FOR ME --
GREW UP.
I WANTED TO BE AN NAVAL OFFICER,
IT WASN'T SUPER SPECIFIC, I
DIDN'T REALISE I WANTED TO BE AN
ASTRONAUT UNTIL A FEW YEARS AGO.
I'VE HAD AMAZING MENTORS IN MY
LIFE WHO SAW TENSIONS IN ME
BEFORE I SAW IT.
THAT'S CAUSED ME WANTING TO GO
TO ABORIGINE A SUBMARINER AND
APPLY TO BE AN ASTRONAUT.
THESE BIG THINGS THAT SEEM
REALLY INTIMIDATING LIKE WHOEVER
GETS TO DO THAT, THAT CAN NEVER
BE ME.
I THINK WE ALL SOMETIMES HAVE
THOSE DOUBTS BUT THE IMPORTANT
THING IS THE ADVICE I GOT FROM
MY LAST BOSS WHICH WAS IF YOU
WANT TO BE AN ASTRONAUT YOU
APPLY AND IF YOU DON'T APPLY YOU
CAN'T BE ONE.
FOR A LOT OF US TALKING ABOUT
THE NUMBER OF TIMES WE APPLIED
TO BE HERE OR WHETHER IT WAS OUR
FIRST TIME OR NOT, IF YOU DON'T
GO FOR IT, YOU WILL NEVER GET
THE CALL.
I THINK THE FLIGHT DIRECTORS
PROBABLY FEEL THE SAME WAY.
I DON'T KNOW THE EXACT NUMBERS B
BUT THERE HAS BEEN FAR FEWER
FLIGHT DIRECTORS THAN THERE RR
ASTRONAUTS.
IT IS A BIG THING TO PUT
YOURSELF OUT THERE TO DO
SOMETHING BIG BUT IF YOU DON'T
DO IT, YOU WILL NEVER GET THE
CHANCE.
>>> ANYBODY ELSE?
>> I'D SAY AS FRANK SAID, A
WHITE RANGE OF EMOTIONS WHEN I
FOUND OUT.
CERTAINLY AN OVERWHELMING
FEELING OF EXCITEMENT AND
AMAZING OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE A
PLATFORM AS BAYING AS NASA TO
CONTRIBUTE TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF
OUR SPECIES.
I WOULD SAY THERE'S ONE EMOTION
THAT I WASN'T EXPECTING AND IT
WAS - I DON'T KNOW IF "GUILT",
IS THE RIGHT WORD, BUT MAYBE A
LITTLE BIT OF GUILT BECAUSE
DURING THE SELECTION PROCESS
YOU'RE EMBEDDED WITH AMAZING
PEOPLE WHO CAN DO JUST AS GOOD
IF NOT BETTER OF A JOB THAN YOU
AND KNOWING THAT THIS IS A DREAM
THAT'S SHARED BY THOUSANDS OF
PEOPLE AND WE'RE JUST THE
AMBASSADORS THAT HAVE THE
OPPORTUNITY TO FULFIL THIS
MISSION.
THAT WAS AN EMOTION I WASN'T
EXPECTING.
>>> THAT'S AN AMAZING
PERSPECTIVE.
THE IDEA THAT YOU GO THROUGH THE
PROCESS YOU GET TO KNOW HE MEAN
AND NOT EVERYONE KNOWS ABOUT IT
AND WHEN YOU DON'T GET SELECTED
IT IS NOT A PERSPECTIVE I
HAVEN'T HEARD.
>> THE BEST WAY TO PAY THAT PACK
IS TO START TO REMEMBER THAT AND
DO THE BEST SHOT WE CAN.
>>> WE'RE GOING TO GO TO A TIME
QUESTION HERE ON SOCIAL MEDIA.
WE HAVE TIME FOR MAYBE ONE
APPEARS ON THIS.
IF YOU REALLY HAVE A GOOD ANSWER
OR YOU WANT TO BE THE PERSON, GO
AHEAD AND MAKE IT KNOWN.
IF NOT, I'M GOING TO DIME
SOMEBODY OUT.
WHAT RESEARCH DO YOU HOPE TO BE
INVOLVED WITH IN MICRO GRAVITY
THAT WILL HELP US GET ON -- HELP
US ON EARTH?
>> I'LL TAKE THAT.
I THINK ONE OF THE MOST EXCITING
PARTS OF BEING INVOLVED IN THE
SPACE PROGRAM IS GETTING TO DO
RESEARCH THAT HELPS EARTH AS A
WHOLE.
EVERYTHING FROM HOW DO WE COMBAT
BONE DENSITY LOSS TO HOW DO WE
PREVENT THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION
TO HOW DO WE DO REALLY EFFICIENT
WASTE WATER RECYCLING.
EVERY TECHNOLOGY THAT WE DEVELOP
FOR SPACE EXPLORATION HAS SOME
APPLICATION BACK HERE ON EARTH,
AND TO BE A PART OF A RESEARCH
PROJECT THAT IS SO MANY MUCH
BIGGER THAN ANY OF THE RESEARCH
THAT I DID AS AN INDIVIDUAL
BEFORE, THAT'S AMAZING.
>>> THAT'S A LOT OF THINGS THAT
REALLY HAVE VERY LITTLE TO DO
WITH SPACE EXPLORATION AT ALL,
THAT WOULD HAVE BENEFITS ON
EARTH, AND I WAS TALKING TO A
GENTLEMAN JUST A FEW MONTHS AGO
WHO OWNS AND OPERATES A COMPANY
THAT IS DOING RESEARCH ON THE
INTERNATIONAL STATION STATION.
-- SPACE STATION. THEY'RE USING
ADULT STEM CELLS TO PRINT IN 3D
HUMAN ORGANS THAT WILL BE USED
ON EARTH.
ALL OF THIS IS VERY
EXPERIMENTAL, BUT THEY'RE HIGHLY
CONFIDENT THAT THIS IS GOING TO
BE A FAME CHANGER.
YOU CAN DO THINGS IN A MICRO
GRAVITY ENVIRPT, ZERO GRAVITY
ENVIRPT, THAT YOU CAN'T DO HERE
ON EARTH -- ENVIRONMENT.
SOME OF THESE ASTRONAUTS TO WORK
ON THOSE, THAT'S WHAT WE'VE BEEN
DOING FROM THE BEGINNING FROM
ALL OF THE ACTIVITIES FROM FIRST
SIGNS TO PLANETRY SCIENCE, ASTRO
PHYSICS.
IT HAS BEEN AMAZING.
WE'RE GOING TO CLOSE HERE.
THANK YOU FOR THAT WONDERFUL
ANSWER.
I JUST WANT TO GET A SHOW OF
HANDS IF YOU'RE WILLING, RAISE
YOUR HAND IF YOU'RE INTERESTED
IN GOING TO THE MOON OR MARS.
LOOK AT THESE YOUNG FOLKS.
WHAT ARE YOU WORRIED ABOUT?
THEY'RE, LIKE, NO, I DON'T WANT
TO TOUCH THAT, BUT IT IS COOL
THEY'RE GOING.
THAT'S OKAY.
THEY NEED PEOPLE TO HELP THEM ON
THE GROUND AS WELL.
I SEE YOU RAIDS YOUR HAND
ENTHUSIASTICALLY.
YOU'RE READY TO GO.
WE HAVE TO CLOSE OUT THIS SHOW.
I WANT TO SAY THANK YOU FOR THE
AUDIENCE, BOTH ON LINE AND ON
NASA TV AND THE AUDIENCE THAT
SHOWED UP HERE TODAY.
THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATING.
I THINK THIS HAS BEEN A GREAT
OPPORTUNITY TO GET TO KNOW SOME
OF AMERICA'S PROUPDEST, SOME OF
CANADA'S PROUDEST, SO WE CAN
PREPARE FOR THE NEXT STEP, THE
NEXT GENERATION OF WHAT THE
UNITED STATES AND CANADA AND ALL
OF OUR INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS
ARE ABOUT TO DO IN SPACE.
THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATING,
THANK YOU TO THE ASTRONAUT
CANDIDATES. WE ARE GOING TO
ANXIOUSLY ANTICIPATE LOOKING
FORWARD TO YOU NOT JUST BEING
ASTRONAUT CANDIDATES BUT NO KID
KIDDING DOING YOUR MISSION AND
WE WILL FOLLOW YOU ALL THE WAY.
THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATING.
THANK YOU FOR WATCHING.
WATCH THIS SPACE.
I'M THE NASA ADMINISTRATOR
JIM BRIDENSTINE AND
WE WILL SEE YOU NEXT TIME.
THANK YOU SO MUCH.
[ APPLAUSE ]
[ ♪♪♪ ]
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