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Study Medical Cannabis Significantly Reduces Prescription Drug Use
By Marco Torres
From 2000 to 2015, half a million people died from prescription drug overdoses, and stories
continue to roll in daily about the lives claimed by prescription and non-prescription
drug overdoses.
Cannabis, however, is not only excluded from the drug overdose list, it has actually been
shown to reduce the use of dangerous prescription drugs.
Raw cannabis is considered by many experts as a dietary essential.
As a powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, some classify it as one of the most important
plants on earth.
The biggest benefits from the plant may come not by smoking it, but rather by consuming
it in its raw and natural form.
�If cannabis were discovered in an Amazon rainforests today, people would be clambering
to make as much use as they could out of the potential benefits of the plant,� said Donald
L. Abrams, MD, Chief of Hematology and Oncology at San Francisco General Hospital and Professor
of Medicine at the University California.
Dr. Abrams is widely known for his research on medical cannabis applications.
�Unfortunately, it carries with it a long and not so long history of being a persecuted
plant,� he added.
�The potential for addiction and health risks associated with using multiple Scheduled
drugs places additional direct monetary and health costs on patients and healthcare systems
due to an increased number of side effects, risky drug interactions, dependency, and overdose�,
stated University of New Mexico researchers Jacob Miguel Vigil Ph.D and Sarah See Stith
Ph.D, who co-authored a study entitled Effects of Legal Access to Cannabis on Scheduled II-V
Drug Prescriptions, which was released in the July issue of the Journal of American
Medical Directors Association.
The study resulted from insights provided by co-investigator Dr. Anthony Reeve, a pain
specialist from the Industrial Rehabilitation Pain Clinics, Albuquerque, N.M. and also one
of the first physicians to authorize the use of cannabis for patients with chronic pain
in the state of New Mexico.
Reeve observed that a number of his patients were coming back to see him less frequently
after enrolling in the New Mexico Medical Cannabis Program (MCP), and who also, anecdotally,
often claimed not only to be reducing their pain medications but also other types of prescription
medications as well.
In the resulting historical cohort study, the researchers compared individuals that
enrolled in the medical cannabis program to individuals with a similar diagnosis that
chose not to enroll in the medical cannabis program but were offered the same authorization,
to measure the effect of enrollment in a state-authorized United States� MCP on Scheduled II-V drug
prescription patterns.
They compared 83 chronic pain patients, who enrolled in the New Mexico Medical Cannabis
Program during a five+ year period from April 2010 to October 2015, to 42 non-enrolled patients
over a 24 month period (starting 6 months prior to enrollment for the MCP patients)
using the Prescription Monitoring Program.
Using outcome variables including baseline levels and pre- and post-enrollment monthly
trends in the numbers of drug prescriptions, distinct drug classes, dates prescription
drugs were filled, and prescribing providers, the researchers found that 28 cannabis program
enrollees (34 percent) and one comparison group patient (2 percent) ceased the use of
all scheduled prescription medications by the last six months of the observation period.
Age and gender-adjusted regressions show that, although no statistically significant differences
existed in pre-enrollment levels and trends, the post-enrollment trend among MCP patients
is statistically significantly negative for all four measures of scheduled drug medication
usage, while the post-enrollment trend is zero among the comparison group.
The cannabis program enrollees showed statistically significantly lower levels across all four
measures in comparison to the non-enrollees by 10 months post-enrollment.
The researchers hypothesize that legal access to cannabis may reduce the use of multiple
classes of dangerous prescription medications in certain patient populations.
Said Vigil, the senior author and Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology:
�Our current opioid epidemic is the leading preventable form of death in the United States,
killing more people than car accidents and gun violence.
No one has ever died from smoking too much cannabis.
Therefore, the relative safety and efficacy of using cannabis in comparison to that of
the other scheduled medications should be taken by the health providers and legislators,
and may very well to have been considered by the patients in our study.�
The authors state that increased patient access to MCPs could impact prescription drug activity
in numerous ways.
�Potentially, MCPs might drive increased prescribing of medications as a result of
side effects of cannabis use, including agitation or somnolence.
Alternatively, access to cannabis could lead to a reduction in scheduled prescription drug
use, if it treats patients� underlying condition(s) more effectively than scheduled drugs requiring
a prescription.�
The researchers are currently employing naturalistic studies to identify how older patients use
and are affected by opioids, benzodiazepines and medical cannabis for treating a variety
of significant � and societally-expensive �
health conditions.
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