the average age begins with the
disappearance of the western empire and
ends with the conquest of Constantinople
by the Turks during that millennium the
Mediterranean basin was shared by
three civilizations the Christian
western
the Muslim and the Byzantine the
strengthening of monarchies the
Turkish dominion over the Mediterranean and
the discovery of america would lay
the foundations of the world do not give it both
first medieval centuries contemplated
the ruin of the Western Roman Empire
and the installation in its territory of
the Germanic kingdoms meanwhile
Justinian would be able to rebuild little
time the old mediterrània romanity
I know.
while on the threshold of the century
fifth the Roman Empire went through
serious economic difficulties and
socia
across the border from the ring and
of the danube the people lived
Germanic these organized into clans
and tribes dedicated to agriculture and the
grazing was very well prepared for
the fight
the Germanic leaders were surrounded by a
entourage of warriors with whom
distributed the loot obtained in their
incursions
some of those barbarian peoples like
the Goths already professed Christianity
Arian and for a long time they had
established contacts with roma to root
of the large migrations they had
place in this century the peoples
Germanic people penetrated the empire
arriving several of them to become
in federated of the same
such was the case of the Visigoths who
they ended up settling in the southwest
of france and the vandals games and
bourg a 2
the latter located in the southeast
from france
on the other hand Anglo-Saxons were installed
in england from south of
Scandinavia
after the deposition of the last
emperor of the west the ostrogoths
they formed in Italy the fourth and last
unfederated king
well at the end of the century together the
gone western empire was
governed by four Germanic peoples
Federated States of Rome
Music
from the late sixth century until the
eighth century four great kingdoms
Germanic set the map
Western politician
the aect arquía anglosajona the kingdom
Lombard of Italy the Frankish kingdom and the
visigothic kingdom of spain although with
certain nuances differentials the four
kingdoms had some characteristics
common in the social economic aspect
and politician
the weight of agricultural activity and
pastoral relegated to the background the
role of commerce and urban life
while the military headquarters and their
warriors acquired great importance
in the political plane the conception
patrimonial of power and deals
successions made the
stability of monarchies after the
conversion of the four kingdoms to
Catholicism bishops and ecclesiastics are
they became collaborators of the
kings and in stimulators of life
cultural and artistic
the weakness of these constructions
policies caused its ruin throughout
of the eighth century in the case of the kingdom
Visigoth a deep internal crisis
it made the resistance impossible
the Arabs the Anglo-Saxon eparchy
although he managed to survive until
mid-11th century was very soon
conditioned by the Viking invasions
only the francs revitalized by the
Carolingian dynasty would achieve
hegemony over much of the West
ending the Lombard domain in
Italy
the struggles
the roman empire of the east
sancio that unlike the west
he survived the barbarian migrations
undertook in the time of his emperor
justinian the project to rebuild the
unity of the old Roman Empire
however although the generals
Byzantines managed to conquer the
band territories the ostrogoths and
Visigoths the results of the project
of the emperor were partial and
ephemeral
if the name of Justinian we find
today family is for the legislative work
who directed a compilation of
Roman law that would constitute one of
the most important legacies of Byzantium
to the medieval europe
later in the emperor's years
Heraklion Byzantium had to face
to new dangers from the world
Balkan and especially Islam
although the Muslim expansion
snatched the territories of persia
Egypt and Syria Byzantium knew
reorganize militarily defending
constantinople
while emphasizing the Hellenic traits
in its cultural manifestations and
· ARTISTIC SKILLS
Music
while in the west the empire
Carolingian was shot down by both
internal revolts as per the assaults
of Normans and Muslims
the Byzantine Empire would know in the
10th century a new stage of splendor
political and cultural
Music
mid-eighth century the butler
of the Pepin Palace the short one deposed the
last monarch merovingios and with the
support of the pope proclaimed himself king of the
francs
Thus the dynasty of the
Carolingian instaurators of a new
empire in the west
Carlomagno was crowned after his
figurative victory over lombard
Saxon and Bavarian emperor of
the Romans for the lion lion third to
despite its title the new empire
little resembled the one that had
disappeared the silo he painted was frank and
its center was at the heart of
europe
far from the Mediterranean organisms
central government resided in the
palace of aachen
while the local administration
run by count dukes or
marquis
in Carolingian times the economy
the regularization process continued
started from the dawn of age
half the urban life languished and the
exchanges will be very modest
these years in the Iberian peninsula
organized the offensive against the
Muslims in the year 801 the conquest
of Barcelona allowed the formation of
the Hispanic brand and in the middle of
ninth century the kingdom of
asturias that chose as capital the
city of oviedo
Music
the period between mid
of the ninth century and the thresholds of the year
1000 is one of the most convulsive of the
history of the medieval occident the
rivalries between the sons of Louis the
pious successor of carlomagno
they resulted in green deliveries
that divided the imperial territory into
three portions France to the West
east germany and in the center a
strip that linked Aachen with Rome
this division would lead while
strengthened in the two new kingdoms of
France and Germany already to the disappearance
of the imperial title in the year 888 the
end of the Carolingian empire coincided
with the second big wave of
investments on europe starred
for Hungarian Arabs and especially
Normans, however, the origin of the
crisis was not only outside
contributed to it the ruin of power
public and the rivalries of
powerful to benefit from a
incipient economic growth
It was the beginning of feudal society
early 10th century there was the
second and definitive restoration of
Western empire in the person of
first oton of saxony that after winning
Slavs and Hungarians was crowned
Emperor in Rome for being focused on
germany italy
the new empire receives the name of
Romanic Germanic
Music
since the middle of the eighth century and
for almost a century the empire
Byzantine was the scene of violent
civil strife between supporters of the
cult to the icons and the calls
iconoclasts that advocated
destruction of images and
They wanted to reduce the influence of
monks
the conflict ended with the
restoration of the cult to
images and its resolution gave way to
second golden age of Byzantium at
long 10th century emperors like
Nicerforo seals and Juan without cesc
recovered Syrian and Armenian chalk
while basilio second defeated the
Bulgarians and brought back the border
from the empire to the danube
on the other hand the mutual excommunication of
Pope and the Patriarch of Constantinople
it was the origin of the eastern schism
thus ended the Roman obedience of
Byzantine territory and the Slavs
evangelized by Cyril and method in
those dates the Russians seized
Kiev that would eventually enter the
orbit of Byzantium with the baptism of
vladimir of kiev once the growth
demographic and economic dynamism
of western society as well as the
development of an aggressive central class
they would end up investing the relationship of
forces throughout the Mediterranean up
then favorable to Islam and to Byzantium
Music
the struggles
Music
after the year one thousand 22 riots
that accompanied the birth of the
feudal society began to get of
manifest the demographic symptoms
economic and political
medieval western expansion like this
in northern europe
the Duke of Normandy william the
conquistador defeated the Anglo-Saxons
opening a new page in the
history of england in the east of
europe
the Christianization advanced in hungary
bohemian and colony subjected to a
intense Germanic influence
however it was in the Mediterranean
where it was observed with more clarity
military predominance of feudalism over
the Islamic societies investing
throughout the 11th century
the relationship of forces until then
favorable to Islam in the peninsula
Iberian
the fragility of the Taifa kingdoms
allowed the occupation of Toledo and more
late the conquests of zaragoza
lisbon and tortosa
Music
meanwhile the eastern Mediterranean
it was the scene of the first crusade
preached by the urban pope second in
the council of clermont after the
conquest of jerusalem and other
Palestinian cities and ports of Syria
the crusaders transplanted to the heart
Eastern Islamic structures
social and political aspects of feudalism and
of Western Latinity
Music
the most characteristic feature of life
western europe policy in the
centuries 12 and 13 was the growing
strengthening of monarchical power without
destroy the basic structure of the
feudal society the kings fought for
be at the top of the rest of the
powers like this happened in the empire
Romanic Germanic with federico first
barbarroja and federico second that
decisively intervened in Italy and
with the monarchs capetos in france
where especially in the time of felipe
august and de luis ninth the domains of
the crown increased at the expense of
feudal principalities in england
second enrique ruled the island and the
part of France that he had inherited and
his successors had to face
with unequal fortune to the power of the
males the monarchical consolidation in
the Iberian peninsula was parallel to the
territorial expansion at the expense of Islam
while jaime first of cataluña and
Aragón conquered Majorca and Valencia
Fernando third of Castile occupied
Cordoba and Seville
in the second and second roger years
second defederico reached its splendor
the Norman kingdom of the two Sicilies
where the traditions melted
Greek and Arab Latinas
on the other hand and despite the new
crossed the fall of san juan de acre to
late 13th century sealed failure
of the armed pilgrimages to the east
title since the mid-11th century and
after the period of apogee under the
Byzantine Macedonian dynasty began
to show signs of crisis
On the one hand, the consolidation of
landed aristocracy led him
on the path of feudalism on the other hand
Turks the Tupi is snatched from
Empire part of Asia Minor
finally step zio ended up losing
his commercial independence when he walked away
first conferred important
privileges to the Venetians
the interests of venice determined
also the detour of the fourth crusade
that ended with the brutal sacking of
constantinople and the dismemberment of
Byzantine territory in two empires
Latin and Greek whose later
reunification was possible thanks to the
help of the Genoese
moreover in the middle of the 13th century
the Mongolian tribes previously
unified by gengis khan destroyed
the principality of kiev and they made
violent incursions into poland
hungary and serbia
from this moment the principalities
Russians came under the dominion of the
horde of gold the fields and cities of
the west experienced serious
difficulties in the 14th century
once overcome Europe he met a
new stage of economic growth and
political strengthening while
distance and a large part of the countries
Balkans fell under the power of the
turks
Music
the famine the plague and the war were
regular companions of men and
women of the 14th century one of the most
dramatic of the history of europe a
series of years of bad harvests
they caused terrible famines
later on a population
biologically weakened the
black plague that in its continuous
recurrences ended up with almost the third
of the population
to all this, the effects of the
war practically endemic in all
the states the war of 100 years
between france and england it turned out
especially deadly for
French lands
the conflicts between princes
noble electors and urban leagues
they affected the empire the peninsula
Iberian suffered wars between
crowns of Aragon and Castile and the
civil struggles in the latter over the
divided italy burst the
rivalries between the different
cities state
the fact that military campaigns
had as their preferred objective the
destruction of wealth sources
of the adversary severely deconstructed
agrarian life artisanal production
and urban commerce
the omnipresence of death throughout
century was reflected in themes
iconographic as the dances of the
death or the placement of terrifying
skeletons in funeral monuments
Music
during the 15th century the victory of the
royalty in front of the stately powers
allowed the formation of solid
monarchical constructions that
prefigure would do the states of the
modern era in France after dying
Carlos the reckless grand duke of
burgundy luis 11 strengthened his power
supported by the great merchants
bankers in england the long war
of the two roses produced a
weakening of the nobility that
allowed the accession to the throne of enrique
seventh tudor driver of livestock
and maritime trade
on the other hand access to the empire of
Maximilian of Hapsburg with his fabulous
inheritance would allow the fortune of the
house of austria in later time
in the case of italy the conflicts
interns between cities state and lord
as the médicis and forza favored
the intervention of the powers
foreign
in this way the rivalry between
crown of Aragon and the Anjou by the
Kingdom of Naples prelude the
Franco-Spanish confrontation of the
Modern era in the Iberian Peninsula
the marriage of Isabel de Castilla and
fernando de aragón supposed the union
dynastic of the two crowns
allowing the conquest of the kingdom of
Granada while the Portuguese monarch
enrique the navigator stimulated
expeditions to africa
after the trip of colon castilla and
portugal shared the new world
in tordesillas the reunification of
Byzantium under the dynasty of
paleólogo did not manage to improve the
intensely empire situation
Feudalized and threatened by Bulgarians
Serbs and Ottomans
although Ottoman pressure was stopped
fleetingly by the irruption of the
Mongolians of Tamerlane the siege
close on constantinopla after a
siege of two months the city fell in
power of the Turks that transformed it
in the capital of the Ottoman Empire
identical luck ran shortly after
Greece and the Peloponnese
meanwhile in central europe
more national dynasties emerged
worried about ending the
Germanic influences that by forming
a solid resistance against the tours
so after the battle of Kosovo it
initiated Ottoman penetration in the
Balkans that would continue late
15th century a society eminently
rural and shaped by debt bonds
Dependence
here are two of the most remarkable features
of the medieval world
however from the 12th century onwards
development of cities and
trade gave way to a society more
diversified that allowed the
reconstruction of monarchical power in
this social and political building
decisively influenced the church already in
the beginning of middle age the
survival of urban life in the
Commerce in the Byzantine East
symbolized by constantinopla contrasts
with the process of reorganizing the
Western world
accompanied by the development of
general links around the earth
Music
(Laughter)
Music
founded in the year 330 by constantino
Constantinople symbolizes the history of
Byzantine empire practically
impregnable by its configuration
urban and its wall belt
It was also a shopping center for
first order thanks to your situation
geographical and one of the most
populous of the Mediterranean basin their
workshops and stores located throughout
of a large central artery
they constituted the economic lung of
Constantinople's childhood was the center
empire politician
in it stood great palaces and
also the racecourse where the teams
participants expressed to the emperor his
I support your discrepancies
the city was also the center
religious intellectual fulfilling these
functions from buildings like the
Church of Santa Sofia or the University
state irradiation focus of the
brilliant culture alicantina to the world
medieval was a society
predominantly aggravated from
11th century the demographic growth and
the advance in agricultural techniques
they led to an increase in production
that affected the relative improvement of
the peasant condition since the
gentlemen had to reduce their
demands to attract repopulators and
colonizers
however in the 14th century the pressure
of the population on some resources
socially limited would cause
worsening of rural life and the
increase of the manorial charges this
situation added to the hunger pests
and wars caused major revolts
peasants throughout Europe and back the
peace began in the 15th century a new
agrarian expansion stimulated in large
part by the demand of the large
cities
Music
the social system of feudalism was born
in the West in the 10th and 11th centuries
when the ruin of power
public and its appropriation by
noblemen and gentlemen the lordship
constitutes the essential cell of the
feudal society in which the lords
owners of the land seized
of a part of the production obtained
for the peasants
this surplus is redistributed between the
aristocracy through a complicated
network of links feudo vasalla ticos
so a man became a vassal
of another and swear allegiance in exchange for
a fief that used to be a land with
his peasants
the social framework of noble life
it was the castle that evolve from
the wooden towers of the 10th century to
the powerful fortresses of the 15th century u
Music
the awakening of the West since mid
of the 11th century can symbolize it in the
boom of cities in development
of commerce and in the birth of a
new urban and commercial society
on those bases they could be built
some solid political constructions
Music
the development of trade from
11th century revitalized the old cities
Romans and caused the birth of
new enclaves called burgos whether
peacefully or through revolts
its mercantile and artisanal population
bourgeoisie came to obtain from the
gentlemen the right to self-govern
regulate the life of the city
the artisans were grouped
incorporations of trades that
they defended the interests of the group and
they watched over the quality and price of
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the government of the city in the beginning
exercised by the assembly of neighbors to
out with time in the hands of
great merchants what would cause
frequent revolts of the artisanal world
the great metropolises of the middle ages
they were florence venice paris and witches
Music
from the 11th century merchants of
genoa pisa or venice began to
to sail a Mediterranean until then
controlled by the guarantees
little by little the commercial activity to
out to reach the cities of
interior and the fairs became
the great dates of commerce
international are coined valuable
coins the bank was developed and
various forms of
business associations
the apogee of the commercial revolution
produced in the 13th century while in the
Mediterranean flourished trade of
the spices in the Nordic area are
they exchanged food and materials
PREMIUM
the improvement of the methods
trade with the progress of
the auspicious navigation in the 15th century
the great discoveries of Castile
and Portuguese
Music
confronted with feudal powers the
new western monarchies
they managed to take hold throughout
the 12th and 13th centuries
thanks to the support of the church and the
bourgeoisie coming to be placed in the
cusp of the pyramid fief gasalla
ethics
however from the 14th century the
costs of the growth of the state and of
the wars forced the kings to
ask for new taxes that should be
authorized by the representatives
oligarchic of the country
Music
thus the assemblies were developed
representative polite parliaments
states that in exchange for granting
authorization limited the power of
monarch to a greater or lesser extent
while in England and the crown of
Aragon the king should have them
to legislate in Castile and France not
they managed to undermine the royal power
from the conversion to Catholicism
of the Germanic monarchies the
church did not stop influencing
growing in all orders of the
life both in the sphere of
political relations as in the
much deeper levels of the
society and collective mentalities
Music
from the 10th century relations
fealty vasalla ticas finished by
pollute the church's reform
this one and the attempt to subtract the
secular power caused in the 11th century a
confrontation between the Gregorian pope
seventh and the fourth emperor
about the primacy of temporal power or
the spiritual conflict continued in
the 12th century both in the empire as in
england in the people of enrique
second and tomás becket and culminated in the
13th century when innocency third
he formulated the theory of theocracy
pontifical in front of the emperor federico
second in the next two centuries
the papacy would know a deep crisis
when moving to the papal headquarters to
Avignon and then the schism
from the west
Music
the enrichment of the church
mediation elicited criticism from
who dreamed of the return to
poverty of the early church is
they developed well in movements that
they were considered heretical as the
of the Waldensians or the Cathars
to fight us the church exercised by
one side a harsh repression creating the
special tribunal of the inquisition and
pretended by another to respond to the ideal
of poverty in their own land
prompting creation at the beginning of
13th century of mendicant orders the
hunger pests and wars of the centuries
1415 also impacted on life
spiritual while flagellants and
penitential sermons pretended
appease divine anger new
electric movements like Juan's
Bush in bohemia presaged the future
Protestant reform
around the year 1000 humanity
medieval lived deeply disturbed the
proliferation of armed bands the
hunger diseases and phenomena
were interpreted as signs
of the unleashing of evil and
omens of the end of the world
this explains the success of
comments on the apocalypse and the rise of
cult to the relics that were visited
and venerated in the churches where
they kept the pilgrimages
thus acquired great importance
Jerusalem and Santiago de Compostela
they became the most
important but proliferated by
everywhere sanctuaries where
the pilgrims were traveling
apart from its initial motivation the
great routes of pilgrimage are
would transform into trade routes and
of dissemination of cultural forms and
· ARTISTIC SKILLS
Music
until the 12th century the monasteries were
the great homes of the shabelle
after the Arab and Jewish legacy
secondary through Spain to the
culture taught at universities
in literature and art the lyric
trovadoresca the epic and the Romanesque
they reflected a feudal west and
monastic while the Gothic the
humanism and art of the 15th century
expressed the ideals born in the
cities during the dark times of
the germanic monarchies the church
managed to preserve part of the knowledge of the
antiquity later from the time
Carolingia until the 12th century
would be the great monasteries
culture centers of the western world
Music
e
at first the Germans kept
his own right reflected in the
uric code the salic law or the
Rotarian edict and also his
religion to rihanna
however over time the conversion
to Catholicism and the coexistence of
Roman societies and their sister
they favored the fusion the romanidad
survived so much in the framework of the great
rural domain with the merger of
aristocracies and the continuity of
slavery as in the field of
cities
the big trade the monetary system and
some political institutions
On the other hand, the church owes
transmission to the middle age of part
of the knowledge of antiquity through
intellectuals like boecio today if bull of
Seville?
Music
Music
Carlomagno provided the necessary
instruction to the pictures
ecclesiastics and laity who should
govern the empire by gathering in
aachen to intellectuals of ireland
England
Hispania and Germán already stood out
others
radish mauro and the queen or york
introducer of the school system based
in the seven liberal arts while
they formed libraries and copied works
of seniority in the field
artistic the influence of
old models
in cases like the Palatine Chapel
of aachen or mosaics and paintings
of sagnier mini and pre senior mendo being
as' still of special interest were
also the goldsmithing that produced
splendid reliquaries and miniatures
among which we can highlight the psaltery
of utrecht and the evangelist of bolt
Music
after the first experiences of the
oriental monks the western monacato
had two irradiation centers ireland
Italy
the rule written by san benito that
linked manual labor with
prayer was soon assumed by the
Papacy spreading all over the West
after the Cluniac reform
return the splendor monacato
lost with a brilliant liturgy and
opulent constructions sabathia les
certain movements especially the
Cistercians sought to recover the
Benedictine ideal of penance and
poverty
although monasticism contributed in part
to the agrarian expansion its imprint was
more lasting in the cultural field its
schools and subscriber and where
copied the manuscripts went to the
12th century the only games of
Western cultural irradiation
Music
urban development entailed the
displacement of culture homes
from monasteries to schools
Episcopalians of the cities and
universities the Iberian Peninsula
It was a first-class link
in the transmission of Arab science
and Jewish to the western world the culture
it was the exclusive property of the
monasteries until with the rise of the
cities a teaching arose
properly urban that initially
developed in episcopal schools as
the one of philosophy of paris the one of right
in bologna and that of medicine in
montpellier and the universities already
free of the episcopal tutelage would be born
later some from associations
of teachers and students like those of
Paris
oxford colony and others created by the
monarchs like those of Salamanca and
47003, Valladolid.
When you know the work of Aristotle
the theologians san alberto magno and santo
tomás de aquino reconciled his system
philosophical based on the reason with the
Christian doctrine based on faith
on the other hand in england roger bacon
inaugurated a method of knowledge
based on experimentation
the coexistence in Hispania of
Muslim and Jewish Christians
impregnated the history of the middle ages
peninsular in the artistic terrain
the clearest examples are found in the
originality of Mozarabic art and
Mudejar art where the styles
Romanesque and Gothic are very influenced
by Arab elements in the field
cultural and scientific
already in the 10th century the monastery of
ripoll was an important diffuser center
of Arab science
later translations of works in
that language to Latin or Hebrew
they transmitted to the West a large part of the
know of the antiquity according to giving the
intellectual life of europe
toledo the city of the three religions
he occupied a privileged place in this
process impelled later by alfonso
tenth the wise
there they were translated an impressive
number of philosophy works
mathematics medicine and astronomy
until the 13th century the literature expressed
the feudal ideals
just like Romanesque art translated
the splendor of the great you had the
awakening of the cities is
would manifest in the Gothic art of
cathedrals and the bourgeoisie later
humanism laid the foundations of
Renaissance
Music
next to the works written in Latin to
from the 12th and 13th centuries it
he developed a literature written in
the different vernacular languages
main transmitting genres of the
values of feudal society emanated
from the aristocratic medium the songs of
gesta narrated the feats of heroes
of past times or powerful mines
nobility chivalric literature
exemplified in the stories about the
king Arthur and the knights of the table
round counted the warrior tests and
loving of its protagonists
on the other hand the polite love created
by the troubadours of occitania and
catalonia and sung by the popular ones
extended to germany and included
also in the galician lyric
Portuguese
the bourgeoisie developed a literature
own comic and satirical reflected
especially in the romande renal from
mid-11th century was developed in
All Europe
the Romanesque art its most finished
examples correspond to large churches
abbey is with plants of Latin cross and
greg those walls with hardly any openings the
outside in the big churches of
pilgrimage an underground crypt
guarded the relics while
developed in the apse wide
ambulatory the iconography of
porticoes and frescoes
completed the teachings imparted
by preachers to a population
illiterate unlike Romanesque the
Gothic was an urban art being the
great cathedrals its expression more
finished the Gothic supposed the triumph of
the light that penetrates through
stained glass windows and rosettes next to the
religious iconography in its porticos
scenes of life were represented
everyday
Music
at the beginning of the 15th century there was a
emancipation of the lay spirit
regarding university admission
founded by the kings destined to
form the bureaucratic cadres of
state was studied accordingly more
right that theology next to the crisis
of this disciplines were developed
barely cultivated previously as the
mathematics physics or history
Music
Among the many inventions
techniques of the time highlighted the
printing that would also be key in the
diffusion of the new humanism
humanists for whom man was the
measure of all things
they searched in Greco-Roman antiquity
the models to follow in the literature the
thought and the art that expressed that
new conception of the world
Humanism flourished in Italy but
also england the netherlands and
Spain were the cradle of great figures
Music
the in the beginning of the middle ages
the political map of the Christian world is
characterized by the displacement of
center of gravity from the
Mediterranean dominated by Islam
towards the north of europe
at the end of the period the conquest of
constantinopla by the Turks supposed the
end of the eastern roman empire while
the Atlantic navigations preluded
the era of great discoveries
e
the pressure of the 1 on different
barbarian peoples europe made these
they penetrated the empire
the first to do it the Visigoths
They advanced to settle in Toulouse
where they would form the first king not
Federated of Rome
simultaneously they moved
other peoples
the vandals eventually settled in
the north of africa
the games in the northwest of the
Iberian Peninsula and the GRB 2 in the
southeast of france
later the Anglos the tributes and
the Saxons were installed in great
Brittany and the Franks on the other side of
ring while Italy was occupied by the
ostrogoths first and then by the
Lombards
after all justinian ex
would again have the limits of
Byzantium
however this reconquest was
ephemeral and finally four kingdoms
Germanic people set the
Europe map
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the empire of Carlomagno survived
little time to its founder
after his death the so-called cast of
verdúm sanctioned its division
simultaneously over europe there was
a new wave of investments
the vikings stormed england and
they descended by the coasts of france and
of the Iberian Peninsula looting his
step cities and coasts penetrated the
Mediterranean moving up to Italy
the Magyars occupied central areas of
europe and they reached the peninsula
italic
For their part, the Muslims agreed to
European coasts
starting from the north of africa
in the 10th century othón first would found
a new empire from the duchy of
saxony absorbing other duchies and
kingdoms finally established the
borders of the germanic roman empire
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between the 11th and 13th centuries they were consolidated
the main kingdoms of europe in the
the Iberian Peninsula.
the advance of the Christian kingdoms
led first to the border to the pit and
later he reduced the territory
Muslim to the kingdom of Granada while
the other kingdoms were consolidated
peninsular
after the conquest of england by
part of the Normans would take hold
this kingdom that would also rule by
heritage part of south-west France
would incorporate after scotland and wales
while in France from the axis
paris orleans
the monarchs capetos extended their
domains in the empire the
expansion of the Teutonic order from
they will eat until estonia
as for italy the south of the
Peninsula was conquered by the
Normans first and then by the
wide
finally sicilia would happen to form
part of the crown of Aragon ga
the war of 100 years resulted in
a principle favorable to england that
However, he ended up losing his
possessions in france
at that time there was also the
extension of the Grand Duchy of Burgundy
in the Iberian Peninsula, the
expansion of the crown of Aragon with
the conquests of Sardinia
athens and neopatria and finally the
Kingdom of Naples
within the empire was observed in the
14th century the growth of the house of
luxembourg that would occupy
momentarily the kingdom of hungary
that predominance was counteracted by the
access of the habsburg house the
Kingdom of Hungary would end
take hold as a great state like
that the one that resulted from the union of
poland and lithuania
on the other hand the Swiss cantons are
Independence from the empire
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the expansion of Islam deprived
Byzantium of Egypt Syria Cyprus and Crete
Byzantium had to defend itself against the
threat of Muslims and also of
the Slavs and Bulgarians who would arrive
to form a brief kingdom
later the Byzantine Empire
he managed to expand his
frontiers although soon the Turks the
chuky is would occupy much of
anatolia
the Turkish threat provoked the crusades
the first one cross the continent
until you get to Jerusalem
the third was carried out by sea and
ended in the conquest of San Juan de
acre the fourth crusade that concluded with
the assault on Constantinople divided
Byzantium in a Latin empire and another
Greek from which it would be achieved
rebuild the old unit later
finally the Byzantine Empire
would succumb to the Ottoman invasion
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