in Mexico, millions of people live
the shadow of the volcanoes that have
buried entire villages
is all that remains of san juan and
enriched its culture
this is the plant that is used to
produce tequila today we will fly over the
volcano of colima
I would like for revolution to come
right now and we will witness or force
irrepressible in the middle of the night it seems like a
work of 500 meters high there is more
Music
500 active volcanoes on this planet
as the monte roasted in japan or the
volcanic complex and guillén in
Indonesia
here begins a trip to a world
sculpted by the volcanoes
volcanic odyssey
the fires of don goyo the continents
they are still in motion imprisoned between
North America and South America Mexico
is pushed up in slow motion
on a tectonic roller coaster the
pressure and heat produced by these
British forces form volcanoes
and Mexico has two of the most active
of North America millions of people
live in his shadow wrapped in
hope that your god and the
authorities conspire in the dangers that
these unpredictable giants
Music
we are in puebla de zaragoza the fourth
largest city in mexico where more
of one million 400 thousand people live
next to the largest volcano in the country
the popocatépetl the smoky hill a
active volcano known as don goyo
with a very violent past for the
volcanologists like tom pfeiffer
it is a unique and fascinating place the ppc
he is a huge stratovolcano and his
interest is that it is not only one
of the most active and voluminous
It is also the second active volcano
highest of all North American war
it's a very explosive volcano has had
fifteen large eruptions from the
arrival of the Spaniards in the 16th century
and five rashes every clinic in the
last 10,000 years
in one of them the volcano itself
it also destroyed for 60 years
he remained in relative silence but in
December 1994 again discarded
the first reductions were very
potent
some lava bombs fell 4 km away
exclusions similar to the one we just ended
to see happen now about 10 times
day
the ash column has reached a
altitude above the crater of
approximately one kilometer
here nothing is small and if we had
closer state would have been
chilling since 2013 its
activity is growing
what could augur the advent
of an eruption of consequences
catastrophic does not threaten not to
circumscribe this area its scope
it would be much greater
Some parts of Mexico City
They are built on deposits
popocatépetl which shows that in the
past its effects felt here
that's why it tops the list of
supervision of natural disasters in
Power
Music
puebla de zaragoza was founded almost
500 years for the colonizers
Spaniards who did not know that the terraces
Under his feet lay the remains of
old center of cholula a city
historical that was eliminated by a
terrible rash
Music
a Plinian eruption similar to the one
he beautifully buried the seductions
light generate huge clouds of
ashes and pyroclastic flows
fiery avalanches that destroy everything
in its path
the Spaniards ignored that the hill
chosen to build the sanctuary of
the virgin of the remedies was rising
over the ruins buried under
rubble and ashes of the greatest
pre-Hispanic pyramid of mexico is a
very interesting place that allows us
contemplate part of the deposit formed
by the ash flow that invaded the
city is full of fragments of
Ceramic and construction material
the flow descended at great speed and
destroyed everything by then
exceeded the ground level
Music
due to the historical value of this
16th century temple was only excavated
a part of the pyramid
archaeologists opened tunnels to
through the volcanic sediments
this is one of the deposits
buried by the eruption in some
points the sediments have two floors
of depth
I feel a little claustrophobic in
these alleys that seem to go towards
everywhere
if it does not fail me my sense of
orientation and come from there where
should be the main tunnel looks
it's an interesting feeling among
bricks that reinforce the tunnels are
look for evidence that the pyramid was
covered by ash or by a wash
pyroclastic this is part of the
old structure and this is the
loose deposit is invited by the guide
invites is formed by end or crystals
and fragments of rock from a
Plinian eruption and schedules with
characteristic lines the deposit
He was removed
these remains are a powerful warning of the
possible effects of a future great
eruption
even the mountain itself could
collapse but there is another danger the
hydrological thermal system of a
volcano
you reach the depths of the subsoil
and often it extends beyond its
structure which would allow the
destruction will reach even some
parts of the city of mexico
built on the extensive system
Underground popocatépetl
a strange geological phenomenon that
many consider a volcano has
fascinated people for a thousand years
see if it was a volcano
here we should see lava but this without
doubt not Slavic
its surface is almost identical to the one
we would find in stone areas
limestone chemically eroded by
caustic processes in essence is the
same material that is deposited in the
Washing machine ducts when used
very hard water rich in minerals
the crater descends below the
ground level
it may not be a volcano but it is
probably its origin is volcanic
When the magma rises, it comes in contact
with the hydrological system the water
underground becomes steam
water and can go through the earth like a
geyser is said to have appeared in the year
thousand 63 during an eruption of
popocatépetl the witnesses who saw
sprout the water vapor should
relate it to volcanic activity
Music
the delicate layer overlay
individual some very fine has a
great beauty
we can also see the typical
slag structures deposits
left by water rich in carbonates
the hydrothermal system that once
fed has changed course
after all this they have a thousand years
of antiquity it is strange that we can
log in
Music
the odds of a volcano
It's full of cholula or Mexico City
they are not very tall but the story we
remember that everything is possible
happened in 1943 in the state of
Michoacán in a nearby cornfield
to san juan parangaricutiro a farmer
presence the exact moment in which
was born the volcano fissures opened
the lava erupted and many rocks came out
flying at the end he saw the fire shine
almost under his feet
It must have been an incredible experience
the new volcano was named after
paricutín and its active period lasted
nine years what allowed to study
for the first time the development of a
volcano from its birth to its
death in mexico millions of people
live in the shadow of the volcanoes that
they have buried entire villages
is all that remains of san juan and
enriched its culture
this is the plant that is used to
produce tequila
today we will fly over the volcano of colima
I would like for revolution to come
right now and we will witness or force
irrepressible in the middle of the night it seems like a
work of 500 meters high there is more
Music
500 active volcanoes on this planet
as the monte roasted in japan or the
volcanic complex and guillén in
Indonesia
here begins a trip to a world
sculpted by the volcanoes
volcanic odyssey
the fires of don goyo the continents
they are still in motion imprisoned between
North America and South America Mexico
is pushed up in slow motion
on a tectonic roller coaster the
pressure and heat produced by these
British forces form volcanoes
and Mexico has two of the most active
of North America millions of people
live in his shadow wrapped in
hope that your god and the
authorities conjure up the dangers that
these unpredictable giants
necessary assistance to divert the
lava flow
that is when the building but the
increasing lateral pressure ended
causing the collapse a second
lava flow accentuated the destruction
the place where I am in this
moment was more or less the same
height than the roof of the main nave
from here I can see the floor that
find about seven or eight meters from
distance what gives us an idea of
thickness of the flow in front of the altar
original that remains intact
Many thank God for forgiving
the good people of san juan when watching
how he resisted the lava flows that
they destroyed all the old town
it is understandable that his salvation is
considered a miracle
the birth of the paricutín is so
recent that there are still people who
they remember that I was here excepted
of this street or water
Stamina if at the time of the eruption
he was 13 years old and lived in a
up there
they all got scared a lot but gave them
time to collect your goods more
precious and there were no victims
also remember that the ash was falling
of the sky in a rain that seemed not to
have an end and that their accumulation in
roofs caused the collapse of
many houses
the paricutín was considered a volcano
genetic monkey a cone that goes off after
a single rash
nevertheless the landscape that surrounds me
It is dotted with small samples
of the typical activity of this part
of the Mexican volcanic belt
all those settlers are the result of
eruptions similar to the one that occurred
here more than 70 years ago when the
activity returns choose a driver
new and breeding another settler and that can
occur at any point of the extensive
area known as volcanic field
usually a mono genetic field
It has between 10 and 100 volcanoes but
mexico breaks all the rules in this
field there are more than a thousand small cones
something that science has not yet known
explain the most likely thing is that the
soft ground and the unusual number of
faults or underground fractures
provide magma with easy routes
exit to the surface the paricutín
for nine years he expelled about 1,500
millions of cubic meters of material
a considerable amount after visiting
the areas affected by the eruption
Tom prepares to ascend to the
Crater is a walk of an average
hour but the climb is hard and steep
Music
from here she was expelled for nine
Years
all the ashes that covered the
hillsides and all the landscape that surrounds me
at the end of the first day
the defiant as it already reached a
height equivalent to five floors still
there is a lot of heat stored in the
subsoil so when the water of the
rain comes in contact with the rocks
hot turns into water vapor
and it goes outside through small cracks
Music
his existence was ephemeral other
volcanoes live hundreds of thousands of years
but this one only lived nine or ten if
the volcanic field will recover its
activity the instruments could
predict what magma generates earthquakes
by fracturing the rocks on their route
ascending modern science locates
increasingly better earthquakes more
surface caused by pressure
of magma on its way to the
surface
track your unstoppable progress will allow
predict when it will happen to the
eruption and also where
nobody wants to have a cone like this
forming under a town and not be
prepared when we hear about a
eruption
the usual thing is to imagine tooth flows
of lava or a city buried under a
pyroclastic wash
but most of the time the
true damage is caused by the ash
that can sink rooftops or even
burying villages but with time
it can become a blessing
next to the municipality of tequila, the
volcano that bears his name
Music
volcanic ash is rich in
nutrients the benefits it brings to
agriculture are known throughout the
world and even more in the center of
mexico where an extinct volcano has
boosted the unequaled flavor of its
most emblematic drink the volcano
tequila stands majestically the ash of
an eruption 200,000 years ago created
the fertile valley in which this
prickly plant
Music
this piece is the plant that is used to
produce tequila is a variety of
special from the agave family
known as blue agave for its
striking color
you have to be very careful with the
sharp pins that protect their leaves
can go through the skin with great
• Ease of use
I have already made a small cut
is visiting the three owners
a medium-sized producer in the
tequila region
the blue agaves are succulent plants
moisture is stored in the leaves and
not on the stems or trunks the elevated
altitude of this region provides them
an ideal habitat its height and its weight
can equal that of a human being and the
blue street planted and harvested from the
the same form for centuries
jimadores take care of the whole process
their knowledge has been transmitted
from parents to children for
generations is a tradition that leads
practiced for about 500 years
since the 16th century when the
first documented production of
tequila this drink became very famous and
it ended up becoming a symbol
of Mexico is a task that demands strength
and a lot of skill and that usually
children learn and blue coffee takes
between seven and nine years in maturing the
opposition is this is not easy
(applause]
they can collect 300 pineapples in a
day but surely I would not exceed 5
I thought I almost got it
but this seems like the hardest part
this is not for me
Please
seeing him seems simple now what
knock down the pineapples are transported to
an industrial plant and the must
extracted from them goes to the phase of
fermentation of the must is
fermenting in this container its
effluvium is so powerful that it almost seems
that of a volcano analyze the fluid for
know the variation of its content
alcoholic will require 72 hours
the next step is to measure the density
of the must that has a relation
direct with alcohol content
alcohol is light and by continuing
fermentation and produce more alcohol
the must will become lighter as well
that for 72 hours
this floating meter will go sinking
slowly as the amount of
density of the liquid and when
-Here?
that will mean that it contains a 55 by
percent of alcohol and that is ready to
make distilled
Mexico has the appellation of origin
of tequila to be classified
as authentic it must occur in a
of certified plants and overcome
the quality standards
Music
the last step and the best one is to taste
health
Music
I like it is soft and has a slight
woody flavor thanks to the volcano
tequila and an extinct stratovolcano that
fertilized this valley consoled and its
ash and created a perfect substrate for
the production of tequila
Now we can enjoy the content of
this bottle or at least part
health is very soft
I like the cone of tequila remains
in silence but other volcanoes
Mexicans are much less peaceful
during the last years the activity
of the volcano of colima has been constant
in the three weeks before the
arrival of tom has had several
powerful eruptions what has awakened
serious concerns different populations
they extend around their base and almost
500 thousand people live within the area
of danger
his record seems to suggest that he has a
eruptive cycle of about one hundred years that
will end with a colossal eruption
the last one took place in 1913 and
destroyed almost all the cone triggered
huge damage and caused eight victims
more than a century later the area is
much more populated and the threat is much
greater
Music
good afternoon to pollice the photographer
fernando rivera and ulises chávez
the owner of this house live under the
shadow of the perfect volcano to start
very beautiful that such has behaved
last days has come to photograph and
colima to include it in a future book
about active volcanoes
according to the map there should be about six
or seven kilometers away in
straight line to the top in case of
an important explosion like that of
2.4.1.
here we would not be safe the flows
pyroclastics would reach this area not
It is likely that a large
eruption for the next five
days although the frequency of rashes
moderate
it is a clear signal that the pressure
inside the volcano continues
increasing the limit of the area of
exclusion
It is still far away but the
intensity or activity will be detected
abnormal the civil protection agency
of colima would expand the perimeter of
safety
the clients come to know the solutions
fernando rivera has stayed at the
home the last weekends to
take pictures and enjoy it
for this it goes on heating
no passionate volcanologist could
resist the fascination that exerts
the colima its frequent seductions of
medium intensity are all a
show
like all stratovolcano the colima is
formed by layers of ejected material
the lava and the ash expelled
contribute to increase their size
strata volcanoes are prone to
collapse during an eruption or
cause of erosion
to make things worse viscous lava
of colima accumulates on the top
making it grow faster
the result is an even more cone
steep that increases the weakness of the
structure the very active volcanoes to
often go through successive periods of
destruction and reconstruction
tens of thousands of years ago
here there was a much bigger volcam
that volcano collapsed and generated a
gigantic avalanche that moved
towards there leaving a great depression
this one is in the phase of
reconstruction
that's why it's so pretty
it is nightfalling
only the upper part discharges light from
a bright red color and just
give us a beautiful eruption of
Ashes is a very nice panorama
with blue sky and ash background
red 1 perfect case
the explosions are even more magnificent
overnight
Please
go this has been so far the
most spectacular has arrived after
another smaller one and six hours of
tranquility and for several minutes has
been throwing a continuous stream of
Incandescent ash and many pumps
wash the upper half of the cone has
suffered a constant bombardment has been
fantastic to see how it inflated to hear the
roar of exclusion and sound
abrupt of the rocks falling and everything is
here in fichen
the upper part is covered
incandescent material the emanations
that during the day seem small
they look very different in the
darkness when the brightness of the lava
melted becomes visible
Music
every day the activity is different
varies depending on the speed at
that the magma rises makes inside
from the boiler
the so-called volcanic bombs are
ejected from the crater and caín hill to
van gogh what increases the size of the
cone over the course of a century a
volcano as the colima can increase
its volume in more than a third of the
activity has increased this morning
we have had two reductions
considerable the upper flanks
they are full of dust and rocks
continue to fall down the slope
increase in activity is more
noticeable in the increasing intensity
of the explosions
Maybe it's because the solutions are
less frequent since the intervals
among them are older
a longer intermediate period
will allow more magma to accumulate and
will result in a further explosion
powerful from the ground it is impossible to see
what happens inside the crater or
account for the vents that cause
seduction is often a volcano
has several active vents that are
they behave in different ways
they produce little violent eruptions but
when everyone acts at the same time
the explosion is much greater
the best way to see it is from above
we were very lucky that there was
started a European while we
we were approaching an ash it
rises from the crack of the central and continues
in the air after three or four
minutes the pilots play a role
vital in the study and prediction of
rashes data like height and
direction of the ascending column
will be incorporated into the final report on
pilot has communicated to the tower of
control that the column rises to about
two kilometers on the top height that
corresponds to a considerable eruption
local traffic controllers
aerial will relay this information
to passenger aircraft that use
this corridor
the volcanic ash is very abrasive and
could damage the turbines of the
engines something that does not affect the propeller
of the plane that was carrying atom
the data will also be transmitted to
the civil protection agency
tom incorporate his observations to his
Web page
and these will be included in the report
Weekly volcanic activity
makes the smithsonian institute
Music
from the air tom can see it steep
which are its hillsides and even the
crater interior
It looks like a huge pit full of material
volcanic that after being expelled has
fallen back inside I would like that
will erupt right now we are
too close
however the rash occurs
although luckily it's an explosion of
reduced magnitude
the ash is fired from several
vents the initial burst
clean the ducts and the rash
lasts just a few minutes the pressure
is released and when the ash returns to
fall and blocks the conduit the process of
Pressurization starts again
Music
after seeing the crater from the air
tom and errando rivera decide to study the
colima from another angle from the
observatory located at the top of the
snowy volcano of colima a volcano
extinct located five kilometers from
his active brother who is also
called volcano of fire of colima
the entry is restricted but take
Arrando receive special permission
security is strict and patrols
They are in charge of warding off intruders
several representatives of the agency
civil protection of jalisco les
they will guide you along the steep roads
the driver is not sure that the
vehicle reaches up
we have asked him that at least I tried
this is quite typical try
access an active volcano and many of
the obstacles that arise do not
they have nothing to do with nature
of the volcano on many occasions
difficulties are raised by
authorities apparently the road is
bad and very dangerous and my biggest fear
now it's not that the volcano is there
suddenly and the explosion reaches us to
five kilometers away
I worry much more than the vehicle
dump on this narrow road and
land at the bottom of a ravine
access to an active volcano varies
according to the countries
in Hawaii you can drive to the
kilauea crater
vitalia you can ski on the slopes
from the Avila mountain only if a
rash the tracks are closed
we have already exceeded the height of the summit
of the volcano of fire and the snow
Colima is an extinct volcano more
old that is part of it
complex its observatory controlled by
the civil protection agency of
Jalisco is a safe watchtower and the place
perfect for monitoring changes
experienced by his fiery brother
its reinforced cement structure was
designed to resist an eruption
Music
the activity does not stop a new eruption
it's small but from here it turns out
precious because the observatory is
much closer than the house that
It also has a great view to be so
next allows us to see everything that
occurs at the edge of the crater does not
let's see a major eruption soon but
It is nice to contemplate this from a
point higher than the peak itself
of the volcano and the view is spectacular
to the west you can see the
mountain range that extends towards the
distant Pacific coast
we are almost 4,000 meters above
sea level
As the sun sets Tom prepares for the
great show what
today the intervals between eruptions have
oscillated between two and six hours so
You have to be patient
here we are in front of the volcano of fire
of colima 45 kilometers away
Now it's about eleven twenty
there is a beautiful moon and hardly wind
we are at four thousand meters of altitude and
although it is cold
the absence of wind makes it bearable
I have the feeling that little is missing
for another eruption
there is a small incandescent point that
It looks like a remnant of the lava dome more
young and from time to time its brightness
intensifies has been quiet a good
little while
so the most logical thing is not to miss
a lot to reopen the
curtain
we can only wait
the increasing pressure opens small
vents through which gases escape
flaming the lava plugs block
the ducts but inside the
crater
the thrust of the magma is irrepressible
Music
the plugs end up exploding and the
show begins
a large eruption light up the sky
and will continue to do so while
pressure in the ducts
this is the biggest reduction we have
contemplated in the five days that
We have been observing the colimon
a bonfire 500 meters high
Although what has descended was not
a lava flow
the explosion has ejected a lot of
blocks of incandescent ash and
fall rolling downhill
these have had the skirt of a red
Brilliant.
it has been awesome to come here and
wait in the cold of the night without a doubt
it was worth it
Music
the activity of the volcano continues by the
tomorrow
get closer to an active crater
it may seem reckless or foolish
but experienced volcanologists do not
they face unnecessary risks they observe
volcanic cycles to avoid the
most dangerous phases and follow the
advice from local authorities for
tomic volcanoes are safer than
many roads and they constitute the
entrance door of the forces
elementals that continue to shape
the land contemplating a mountain that of
once in a while spits fire is a
Fascinating beautiful experience makes us
understand that we are part of someone
wider than the self
human and nature is full of
mystery and when unraveled one of
your secrets
we feel very close to the elements
basic of the uncontainable forces
who created the earth and that's what
it fascinates me the most you're enjoying the
beauty of a symmetrical cone that
it shelters a crater and suddenly sees go out
game inside
the volcano of colima has not yet done
jump alarms and scientists
who watch him wait for a
Catastrophic eruption emits signals
evident that allow to start up
the evacuation protocol
Only time will tell
natural disasters has marked the
history of mankind
some volcanoes were able to
ravage lands and destroy civilizations
in just a few moments but now
we have a sophisticated technology that
helps us to understand the ones and to prevent
his sudden attacks millions of
Mexicans live in the shade of volcanoes
assets that will one day return to
spit fire and ashes
nobody knows when we only have left
wait and enjoy without any fear of
your irresistible arrival
Music
(applause]
Music
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