The cans
in the not too distant future a human being
will embark on a rocket will sit on
an open platform and ascend to about
200 kilometers to orbit
land
dressed in a space suit last
technology may contemplate a view
incomparable through a viewer
quartz coated be on the low
Earth orbit is something spectacular
when you look up is the
darkness of outer space and the
stars the stars shine even
during the day
if you look down is the misty
blue glow of the gigantic ocean
under your feet
this observer is a boat and view
space a new race of addicts to the
strong emotions comes off of his
safety harness at the limit of
space made a last look at
universe and they jump falling to all
speed of the earth
[Music]
Space skydiving is one of the
many futuristic plans planned for
Earth orbit
the region of space that surrounds the
earth and that starts at about 200
kilometers above sea level
houses satellites and the station
spatial and if orbital outfitters it comes out
with yours will also house
ultimate extreme sport the
social parachuting the Earth orbit
it is a window to the universe and could
become an extension of the
own land of their industry their
explorations and their dimension but the
environment of Earth orbit is very
different from its surface
here the oxygen disappears and also
the atmosphere that a shield offers us
protector around the earth
who dares to explore it
will face numerous threats
cosmic we usually forget that space
outside is dangerous
we forget that in outer space and
cosmic radiations solar eruptions
space debris meteorites be in
outer space
It's like an obstacle course
the skydiving addicts jump from
planes to fall at full speed towards
the earth doing it from space can
seem the most exciting experience
imaginable
but it is an idea that is based on
very serious concepts
Dr. Jonathan Clark surgeon
flight from the army and it has been
high altitude paratrooper
He is also one of those responsible for
concept of space skydiving and
he has personal reasons for it
waters of the Andes I was assigned to
NASA's space operations
my wife was astronaut colombia and
just checking communications
sitel and died in the mission of
columbia of 2003
the military pilots will go out with
safety of aircraft in danger
there is currently no procedure
of evacuation so that the astronauts
they can jump out of a spaceship if they
it produces a catastrophe
about 1 percent of the
cases there is a serious failure in the
main engine or a catastrophe in the
outer space
the space parachute suit
could become a new
mission security device
manned and the first test is a
jump of almost 50 thousand meters to
survive a reentry the suit of
Parachutist has to meet numerous
requirements must be a suit of one
piece that insulates from the 40 degrees under
zero of the space environment and also of
the 240 degrees generated by the
reentry has to have a small
gas propeller in each glove that
allow to orient and direct the body in
weightlessness a circuit system
closed that provides oxygen and
eliminate carbon dioxide during
the ten minutes of falling a
brake parachute to stabilize the
astronaut as you approach the
land and a traditional parachute that
was deployed at about 900 meters to
allow a safe landing will be a
spectacular experience in the first
two minutes from the el salvador jump
space will reach 4,000
kilometers per hour in free fall
the resistance exerted by the
atmosphere will warm the space suit
up to 245 degrees Celsius and
braking the jumper to the so-called
terminal or terminal speed 190
kilometers per hour in minute 7 it
will open your brake parachute and your
speed will start to decrease
Finally, 900 meters will be deployed
the conventional parachute and the
Savior will arrive safely from the
surface will be a worthy experience
of a movie that is that the cndh
He works in Hollywood as a designer
wardrobe and is the director of
Orbital design department
outfitters are designing different
space suits for this company
his costume designs are so
precise that the nasa has commissioned him
design of the top of a suit
female space when she observes
close the spacesuits
you realize that they are not just costumes
whites with plastic accessories and a
scuba-shaped helmet we could
consider them spacecraft
personal to protect the body
space suits are designed in
may layers in ecuador will continue to imagine
the kind of clothes they would need to
walk through a place
twice as hard as the Sahara and a
only happened after they were in the
Arctic like that should be in its tragedy
to conceive the form and function of
your designs for orbital outfitters
dylan is inspired by costumes from the past
to create designs of the future
specifically in the armors
medieval here we see a gauntlet of
14th century
this arch of the bull is practically
identical to the one under the
glove cover of a suit the
space shuttle is the most
interesting is that it has almost the same
form and perform the same function
although space skydiving could
take years to become a reality
seekers of strong emotions already
are on the way to the limit of
space the Earth orbit until 2001
orbiting the earth was a privilege
reserved for very few people
the astronauts chosen to work
in space but that was before
space tourism became
a reality one of the dreams of the
most of the people linked to
the world of space flights is
be able to perform one of those flights
space tourism has been a part
important of the concept of those people
about space flights from its
origin
Currently space adventures limit is
the only company that makes that dream
We are the only private company
space travel space adventures
started its journey ten years ago
when your first client made a
High altitude flight in a pink reactor
when he came back and talked about the
experience of seeing the curvature of the
earth and the black sky on his head
I knew it could be a big business and
that there would be millions of people who
They would like to live the same experience in
2001 the American billionaire dennis
tito investment manager was put in
contact with space to think for
try to organize a trip to the
Earth orbit and that was the beginning
of the era of private space tourism
the flight from dennis tito to the station
international space was an achievement
enormously important that many people
from the space community applauded them
it seemed like something great the beginning of a
new era
I love space
currently space adventures limit
and offers trips to the space station
international for 33 million
Dollars
you learn things about rockets about
the spaceship in which you are going to fly
about the space station and how it is
the experience of living eat work and
even go to the bathroom in the space to
get to the space station the
space tourist must travel in a
Russian soyuz capsule has been 35 years
flying successfully is a great milestone of the
engineering that can take you from the
surface to orbit in less than
eight minutes
once on the space station the
tourists will live as they do
astronauts comfort is a term
relative if you feel comfortable doing
camping is rather in the station
space
if you're used to going to places in
those who do not have all the
home comforts
then you will find it quite comfortable
to live in a spaceship is the food
It's great but you do not go there because of the
food
The real joy of space is power
float in weightlessness see the earth
be part of the future of the
space exploration and power
experience what it feels like to leave the
planet and go to a place that very few
people left before you were the earth in
all its splendor and you will see
sixteen sunrises and sunset
every day because of the great speed at which
travels around the earth
right now a trip to space results
too expensive for most of the
ordinary citizens
travel through low Earth orbit
you would cost about 20,000 dollars for
kilo
its weight in gold there are currently many
companies designing new ships for
make space travel affordable
these trips can never cost 4 thousand
dollars and an initial investment of 40
millions of dollars
[Music]
Despite this, space has a limit
big plans to expand its catalog
space
one of our future clients in
will make a spacewalk for the first
Once we are excited about our
program of flights around the moon
during that flight they will literally arrive
a hundred kilometers from the
lunar surface zas
send ordinary citizens to space has
changed the paradigm of exploration
space
I would say that we have opened the door to
rest of the industry
today there are many people
interested in the expansion of this
border in the private sector and
we hope to go down in history as the
catalyst that made all this
sector could be launched maybe the
most exciting facet of an adventure
space is to reach the limit of
space but the immense space houses
totally different threats than those
we are hovering to earth the orbit
terrestrial our space boundary is
usually divided into three parts the low
Earth orbit occupies the fringe of
1,770 kilometers wide closest
to the atmosphere of the earth and start
only 190 kilometers above the level of
Tue
the low Earth orbit offers huge
Advantages
first of all most of the
manned space programs also
they are made in that radius 10
space shuttle takeoff
endeavor also the spy satellites
communication satellites and
meteorological are in the low
Earth orbit
the low Earth orbit is like a
busy city where they happen
many things harbor the telescope
space hubble and the space station
International Analyst
and this is where the soyuz ship and the
space shuttle complete their
missions
objects and people can surround
Earth in low Earth orbit
in an amazing 90 minutes 45 minutes
on the sunny side and 45 minutes on the
dark side of the earth save some
trips to the moon all the visits of the
humanity space have been to the downside
Earth orbit
the fundamentals of low orbit
terrestrial is that if we could not
get to her we could not go to
any other place and flights
Manned spacecraft consists of going to
another place
the low Earth orbit is the point of
entry of these paths over
the low Earth orbit is
the region called Earth orbit
Average
this wide swath of space is
extends between 1900 and 22 thousand 500
kilometers on earth many
communication satellites are put
in orbit in it including the
global positioning satellites or
gps gps satellites orbit the earth
about 20,000 kilometers in what
we call a terrestrial average orbit
they circle to the ground twice a day
every 12 hours
the GPS satellites are located in 6
orbital planes
imagine a sphere with 6 orbit
located at the same distance around
of the earth with four or five
satellites in each orbital plane
that allows us to cover the entire planet
the GPS satellites are located at
this attitude so that several are
available from a certain point
of the earth at any time of the
day
four satellites are needed to
get an exact location
the first offers a situation
approximate the second and the third the
they need and the room offers the position
exact the average earth orbit
it also houses the dangerous
van allen radiation belts
these belts of charged particles
high energy can make you lose
satellite control of 300 million
dollars or affect a person with a
lethal dose of radiation spread
from the earth as elongated rings
the satellites are located
carefully in specific aptitudes
to avoid these destructive
particle belts from
of the sun at an even greater distance
find the high Earth orbit
also called geosynchronous orbit
if we consider the low orbit
terrestrial a very crowded city
the high earth orbit would be a
rural zone
these satellites fly over the earth
between 35 thousand 556 thousand kilometers on
the level of the sea what offers them a
incomparable perspective given its
privileged location more than two thousand
satellites fly through the high orbit
land
these satellites seem to be
motionless surrounds the earth every 24 hours
but we do the same and that
produces the optical illusion that these
satellites remain motionless in the
outer space
but to get to orbit
terrestrial any object must before
leave the surface and be sent to
space to make it a rocket or ship
space has to reach the speed
appropriate and to take a path
and a determined attitude some
kilometers per hour less and the
gravity force and the resistance of
the atmosphere will make a ship
space falls and crashes into the
surface
the concept is to leave behind the
low atmospheric resistance their
turbulence and his fiction and
then take the address
correct and accelerate when it has
overcome that atmospheric resistance and
there is a good reason to launch the
spacecraft vertically towards
up instead of forming an angle like
do the airplanes the launches
Spacecraft are performed vertically to
traverse the densest part of the
atmosphere first
then describe in a few arcs
kilometers in height and then
they begin to make arrive in the direction
desired to reach the orbit
planned a spaceship to travel to
28,000 kilometers per hour according to a
specific trajectory from the
surface to the desired altitude a
one-degree deviation and the ship
space will end in an orbit
wrong
after an eight-minute journey and
millions of liters of fuel
consumed the ship was placed in orbit
an orbit is a trajectory
recurrent around another object
just like the earth orbits around
to the sun a satellite or a spaceship
stays in orbit thanks to the
Severity
the mass of the earth created a force
gravitational that deflects any
object of its straight line trajectory
it might seem that strength
gravitational of the earth loses great
part of its intensity to this attitude
but the low Earth orbit the
severity is only 2% less intense
that the surface of the earth
how to stay in orbit
it consists of going at a speed what
sufficiently elevated streets towards the
land so fast that your trajectory
curve never collides with the surface
curve of the earth surrounds the planet
falling constantly you do not leave behind
gravity but that is the severity of the
planet that makes you spin your
around is what keeps you in that
circular path and it makes you fall
towards the earth
in theory any object can
stay in orbit forever
as long as you have enough speed
to resist the gravitational pull
from the earth
there are two types of orbits
circular and elliptical
satellites and the spacecraft that
they need to maintain a constant attitude
describe circular orbits traveling in
circle around the earth
the cartographic satellites those of
global positioning and
meteorological describe orbits
circular elliptical orbits
They have oval shape they are used when
part of the orbit has to be performed at
great height but you do not need to be
try a large circular orbit
Altitude (m)
the spaceships that carry
satellites up orbit you jump
describe elliptical orbits for
transport your cargo
both in a circular path as
on an elliptical of Earth's orbit
harbors numerous dangers in October
2007 the Navy of the United States
knocked down a satellite out of service
with a cruise missile before that
delay in the atmosphere
the reason the satellite contained
hazardous materials and if there
dropped to ground could have caused
thousands of cases of poisoning
transported 450 kilos of hydrazine a
very common fuel in the so-called
operation verne rosso was the mission
most complex done so far
to protect the planet from a problem
serious that it will be even more
junk or space junk
space junk is everything that the
man has put in space and has
stopped working there are remains that
go back to our first missions
spatially like a landfill that is going
filling little by little waste from
the launching of sputnik in 1957
the remains have been accumulating
around the planet earth
the 50 years of space race we have
filled the sky with our garbage the
Earth orbit today hosts some
20,000 objects that make it a
deadly landfill full of waste
the earth seems to be surrounded by a
swarm of bees
[Music]
most of the space debris
are fragments of satellite rockets that
they are no longer in operation and pieces
of objects that have fragmented after
a pitch caught by force
gravitational earth
these fragments displace more than
35,000 kilometers per hour ten times
faster than a bullet a collision
between this space junk and objects
in operation as satellites or
manned spacecraft could be
catastrophic
the special operations center
joint jsp oce by its acronym
English is a monitoring unit of
top secret that is responsible for following the
clue to all the objects that orbit
around the earth including the
space debris
we use different sensors located
all over the world
the so-called space surveillance network
It is formed by 29 stations located
all over the world radars and telescopes
opticians who keep track of
More than 18,000 objects placed by the
man in space
that includes other active satellites in
disused rocket casings used in
releases and remains that simply
have come off if they collide
a situation would occur between them
catastrophic
to be controlled by the center
of joint special operations
remnants of measurement at least five
centimeters wide
there are much smaller objects that can not
be tracked in most of the
flights that make the shuttle
we saw small marks in the
windows the size of the tip of
a pencil
most of the remains are
found in low Earth orbit
in 2008 a deliberate collision between
two satellites outraged the community
international and created a cloud of
debris that threatened the low orbit
terrestrial as never before
occurred
our space boundaries the orbit
land a new frontier for the
tourism and space exploration is
but in it it makes it as dangerous as
space junk that threatens like never before
our spacecraft and satellites
in 2007 the estimated total amount of
Space debris was 20 thousand
fragments 14 thousand of them could be
tracked
but in 2008 the space program of
china did deliberately collide
two satellites during a test
anti-satellite
the international space community is
outraged on January 10, 2007
we watched less than 14,000 objects and
16 months later that figure had been
increased by more than 30 percent
exceeding 18 thousand
the problem of space debris
continues to worsen that they have already
produced shocks between these remains and
objects in operation in one of
them a fragment hit and broke one
from the arms of a spaceship to
avoid future commissions
the special operations center
joint is in permanent contact
with NASA and other space entities
International reports the risks
that spacecraft can run and
the satellites so they can move away
those of fragment in question all this
in a way similar to the maneuver of a
boat to avoid any danger
while navigating we can not see what's
under the surface of the water
we could suffer some damage when hitting
with a trunk or get caught in
orbit we face the same
problem
we do not track all the
remains that could damage or render useless
a spaceship and our only
protection measure is the fact that
statistically it is unlikely that
clash with some fragment and that
Insurance policy has a date of
expiration
fortunately there has not been
no catastrophic collision between
manned ships and space debris
we have never seen a ship yet
manned collide with some rest
orbital but we have been close in
several times these objects
regardless of its size always
pose a danger because they can leave
their orbits because of deterioration
orbital the hospital deterioration occurs
when an object loses speed by
friction and begins to be attracted by
the gravity of the earth the resistance
atmospheric is the main cause of
orbital deterioration as it happens to a
cyclist on the road when you see
a constant speed balances its
muscular strength with the resistance of
the tires on the road and the
resistance of the air that you go through
when you go on a bicycle, overcome that
resistance with your muscles and in the
space ignite rocket engines
to push forward increase
a little bit the speed and overcome the
air resistance
that's what you have to do in the
space to prevent the station
space fall the earth and burn if
its push ceased the air resistance
it would slow it down and stop it
until reentry into the atmosphere
some objects survive their
reentry and the size of those who have
fallen to earth is terrifying in the
last 40 years 17 thousand fragments of
Space debris has been able to overcome its
reentry into the atmosphere
in 1997 a stainless steel deposit
of about 250 kilos fell to about 50 meters
from a farmer's house in tiles no
he did not like it
if one of those remains manages to overcome the
reentry travels at a speed of 193
kilometers per hour until falling to the
surface in Cape Town South Africa
there was a re-entry during the day
there were people working in the field
they heard a rumble look up and
they saw that object fall
in the second in california aerospace
corporation collects and studies that
space junk for the army
American and private companies
this object was part of a piece of
space junk was part of one of
the modules of a rocket that
used to put into orbit a
gps satellite
here you can see the supports that
they melted during his fall we have
cut some samples to try to
understand what happened in this area
and what temperature reached this
information will improve our models
find out how they can overcome these
objects its reentry into the atmosphere is
important for the construction of
future satellites and spacecraft
recover and reuse components
vitals of space vehicles
could mean a millionaire savings
in manufacturing costs
however recover spatial debris
It is not an easy task
the water covers three quarters of the
land surface so many of
those remains fall into the water is difficult
find some the earth
It is estimated that the amount of remains
space will have doubled in 2050
but that has not dissuaded the
entrepreneurs who continue to explore the
Earth orbit as the goal of its
business for only 2 thousand 500 dollars
memorial space flight is commissioned from
2008 of placing in the low orbit
land
the ashes of your loved ones
an appropriate ending for all those who
they dreamed of visiting the
outer space
this is just one of the many ideas
that different entrepreneurs are
developing for Earth orbit
but to do business in space
we will have to find a way to achieve
a permanent occupation we are in the
first years of the 21st century and I foresee that
the space will become an area
industrial the skylab looked at it and now the
international space station have
hosted stays and experiments of
long duration in space
what would happen if private companies
they could also have ships
spacecraft orbit the earth
[Music]
We are the first company to have
a structure of that type
very close to the center of las vegas
bigelow and his team of bigelow aerospace
are creating in a facility
high security
a new generation of ships
space
I'm living a dream of childhoods and
I think we'll be part of something
really important
the private sector is also
exploring the opportunities of our
space limit
bigelow aerospace is developing
work spaces in charles
called genesis that will be located
in Earth orbit
it is a technology inspired by
mass
[Music]
I found an article about a
technology in which NASA had
I've been working and I thought, my God
this is great
NASA developed an inflatable module
a cabin called a transfer for
was going to be coupled to the station
space to provide more space
but NASA did not achieve the funds
necessary to carry it out
a few years later we acquired the
licenses of the nasa patents was
from france
it is an ingenious concept the ships of
Bigelow are inflatable capsules that are
transported in the nose of a rocket not
manned during its launch and it
swell up to triple its size
once placed in orbit when
I transport I go out using rockets
you have a certain space how
This bottle has the size it has
and that's it
but if it transports I leave a certain
volume that can triple its size
has much more space
usable
we use gas under pressure so that
adopt its form
[Music]
the inflatable spaceship can
adapt to all the needs of
customer research laboratory
Spatial hotel factory all
emerging industrial sectors of the
Earth orbit
We can accommodate different types of
customers who only have to pay for
the time that interests them
the ship is composed of a material
very durable but also flexible
called software systems we have
driven all our life about
similar materials on tires
the inflatable systems are very reliable
very resistant
bigelow relies on his system of
launch the 18 rockets or dog
dnepr that you use are the same in which
the Russians trust to transport
some of your most valuable loads
right now they have around one thousand 100
rockets like these with nuclear missiles
or we will fail because of the rocket c
once in orbit four panels
solar panels feed the instruments
just like what happens at the station
international space
Genesis ship is a station
space of new generation and could
represent a huge advance with
with respect to those developed by the
governments
if we succeed the ship in which
we are working will be much more
safe for humans that those of
aluminum our inflatable helmet
protects against all kinds of effects
of the micro-meteoroids of
the effects of radiation
bigelow aerospace available in the
present of two spacecraft
private genesis 1 and 2 that orbit
some 550 kilometers above the earth are
the only spacecraft of
private property of its type that orbit
in the limit of space
launch spacecraft to orbit
terrestrial is a challenge but choose the
proper tilt for your orbit is
something else quite different
actually the orientation of a
orbit is not more than the degree of
obliquity with respect to the line that
the tilt crosses the equator
which can vary between 0 and 90
degrees
a 0 degree one would not be tilted
with respect to the equator is what
we call an equatorial orbit in the
case of a 90-degree tilt
with respect to the equator
it would be a polar orbit to the
different satellites and spacecraft
they are placed with different inclinations
depending on your mission since with
each tilt fly over areas
different from the earth if it surrounds the
land for the equator that is what you see
it is just what is under you the
Ecuador
if you choose an inclination of 56 degrees
cover almost all of the
population of the earth
the polar orbiting satellites can
observe the whole earth in a few
rotations
as the earth rotates under the
satellite this one runs its course what it
allows you to observe the whole earth in a
a short period of time a
mission of espionage observation the
synchronous orbits they allow
the satellites pass over it
point of the earth every day to it
time
they vary one degree each terrestrial day
to keep in sync with the sun
at a certain point if accurate
constant communication
the geosynchronous satellites is situated
very far from the earth to be able
encompass entire continents
coincides with the rotation of the earth and
seems to float in the sky is an orbit
which is very useful because it can
stay in constant contact
by radio television with a point of the
surface the Earth's orbit is the
natural extension of the space that the
earth occupies in the cosmos
and if everything goes according to plan
industrialization of the limit of
space will occur in the future not
very far only 40 years old john glenn
came to Earth orbit what
happen in it during the next
fifty or a hundred years could be so
exciting how was the arrival to the
moon for the previous generation
bigelow aerospace has reached a milestone
important with the putting in orbit of
their Genesis 1 and 2 capsules but the
space ship of the future will be
available for ordinary citizens
nobody did this before some people
they went to space but we
We try to make it affordable or it's called
to sundance be and it is a habitable space
300 cubic meters that will have
capacity to house up to three beings
humans indefinitely
we have to add a lot of
artificial respiration equipment that
ensure that the environment is sustainable
for a crew of three people
from the system of concentration of
air that will have to be supplied
oxygen and remove the co2 up to a
more precise control of temperature and
the humidity a sundance spaceship
being provides more space than the one
currently available throughout
international space station as
the pieces of a construction game
over time they will fit together
numerous capsules to form
major facilities
the form chosen will depend on the
mission objective of the ship
space
but like the pioneers who
they left for the open sea in search of
new lands
this is still an unexplored territory
da
we have the opportunity to convert that
vision in reality and so far that's
exactly what we are doing
are part of a large group of
people who dream of an occupation
permanent limit of space
one thing is clear the earth
you need a simple way to
transport space ships cargoes
and people to take advantage of the orbit
terrestrial and these ideas are
spectacular have arisen all kinds of
concepts like space elevators
what would you think of a space source
a wave of high energy particles
which raises if the load to orbit
land
you have to find a cheap way to
bring those materials to the space more
or maybe space resources
can be exploited in a
installation that orbits the earth
we would use the resources of the moon and
two nearby asteroids to build
the space without having to spend money
in transporting them from the surface
for example when luis and clark crossed
the united states did not carry with all
drinking water and firewood on your route
west of san luis
they used what they found in the
road
the greatest gift of the orbit of the
earth could be an energy
sus
imagine a series of solar panels
that generate enough energy to
illuminate a continent
one of the most important spatial objectives
promising of the next 50 years
was to find the way to manufacture
solar collectors arms and after
store and use on the surface
that inexhaustible solar energy for
reduce our dependence on
fuel and energies not
renewable land
one thing is certain the limit of
space is the gateway to
future explorations a stop at the
road to destinations around the
universe is very exciting
in a few decades the earth will be a
true paradise for humanity
we will take care of our planet
our parks our enjoyment
we will take care of the things we love about
land and all the processes of
manufacturing resource extraction
energy production and mining
will perform in space and low
Earth orbit will be access to
rest of the solar system
a
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