We all know that it's important to cause a good first impression.
Especially in important situations such as a job interview, for example.
But how do we form these first impressions about others
and how much time do we need to create them?
When we first met someone, we readily form our first impressions.
We don't need much information to do so
and to create them we don't even need to talk to
the person or even need to have her in front of us.
Yes,
it is possible to build impressions about someone and
even infer about aspects of their personality
just by seeing a photograph or hearing about it.
We can then say that first impressions can be
created based on information we get directly,
when we see the person and their behaviors,
or indirectly, when, for example, we only hear about her.
First impressions are the idea we get right away
and allow us to create a mental image about someone,
that is, we capture information about the person and organize that
information into categories that are meaningful to us.
When, for example, we get acquainted with someone and
and the person is there in front of us and we are talking to her,
we will not collect all the information that we have available,
we will first process that information and characteristics that for us
are more important and also more obvious, such as age,
gender, posture and attitude, whether it is
attractive or not or even the tone of voice.
To organize the information we will essentially make three evaluations:
A more affective one type, which allows us to
perceive whether or not we like that person,
a moral evaluation, that is, an appreciation of their
character like, for example, whether it is a good or bad person,
their values if we can trust it
and also an instrumental assessment, that is, whether
it is a responsible, competente person or not.
But in our evaluations we tend to go beyond the information we have,
making conjectures about people and their behavior,
often without information that confirms our inferences.
This is because we process information using our
cognitive structures, our schemas.
They help us to complete information and to understand
others in a way that for us is coherent.
It is therefore impossible to speak of first impressions without mentioning that
they are obviously influenced by our personal constructs,
prejudices, stereotypes, expectations, biases, that is cognitive factors,
but also affective factors such as our emotions
and even demographic factors such as our age and our social roles.
Just as we don´t need much information to create first impressions,
we don´t need much time to form them either, and although
it is difficult to determine an exact time, we know that it is quite fast.
Recent investigations have shown impressive times:
for example, in a 2006
study it was concluded that 100 milliseconds were sufficient
for people, exposed only to photographs where a face was shown,
to be able to infer about certain traits such as
competence, confidence, aggressiveness, kindness and attractiveness.
And the assessment made at this speed was not that different from the judgments
people made when they could take the time they wanted to see the picture.
According to the conclusions from this study, taking more
time to make an assessment about someone
gives us more confidence in the judgment we make
and also allows us a more differentiated first impressions.
However, these researchers report that we are able to
make an assessment with very few information.
That is to say, practically the time of a blink of an eye is sufficient
to be able to infer some traces on somebody that we have just met.
It is important not to forget that first impressions
are subjective and they may be right or wrong.
However, even when we receive new information
that contradicts our initial assessments,
we find it difficult to change them.
If you just met someone who seemed to you, for example intriguing
and snoopy, you will feel a certain difficulty in changing your mind,
even with information that shows exactly the opposite.
But don´t forget that it is not only you who values,
others will do exactly the same with you.
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