You must already know my robot, that line follower.
If you don't, click here.
Well, here is the first of three videos in which
I explain how I made the robot. In this video I will explain how to read
the circuit diagram.
When you take the original diagram of
Tapendra's video, you find this file.
To explain it better, I will divide it into two parts:
the control part and the sensor part.
In the control part, which corresponds
to this part in my robot,
we find the battery that will serve as power source for the robot,
a voltage regulator, an on / off switch,
a speed selector switch, a few pins
and the brain of commands; the L293D
which is basically a prefabricated H-bridge,
which allows to turn on / off and easily control
the direction of rotation of motors,
in our case the wheels of robot.
The connections are very simple, the voltage regulator
is connected in this way:
the positive terminal of the battery comes in the input,
the negative in the middle
and the output goes to our circuit,
the negative of our circuit is also this,
the same negative of the battery.
This L7805 linear voltage regulator
will always reduce the battery voltage from 9V to 5V.
Capacitors are needed to filter the input and output,
sometimes the input and output may not be exactly 9V and 5V,
and may vary some mV.
The capacitors drastically reduce this effect.
But be careful!
Pay attention to the gray side of the capacitor, this represents the negative, do not put it back, otherwise ...
The on / off switch is very simple,
we only connect the wires this way,
when the switch is not in the correct position, there is no contact between the terminals and the robot does not turn on,
when there is contact between the terminals, the robot turns on.
Anyway,
we move now to the brain of our robot, the L293D,
if you take a closer look, it has a small cut, which serves to indicate its position;
in the diagram that's the correct position.
No secrets here, the respective IC pins are those according to the orientation,
just follow the diagram and make the connections,
the colors helps a lot,
for example, the right sensor signal wire is
here in the diagram on pin 15, here on our integrated circuit on pin 15.
Moving on to the sensors, which are basically the eyes of our robot.
The pins and the speed selector will remain for the second video,
where I will explain the changes I made to the project.
The sensor is this, based on the principle of infrared light (IR).
We start here with the wires coming from our main board,
the positive, the negative and the sensor signal.
Well, these here are the LEDs,
a red LED,
an infrared emitter and an infrared receiver,
respectively these here in the circuit.
To connect them in the circuit, understand that this base of the triangle in the symbol of the LED
in the circuit is the positive of the LED,
in real life is always the largest terminal.
Except in the case of the infrared receiver,
the larger terminal is the negative terminal and the smaller is the positive terminal.
Moving on to the resistors, I have changed some values and I will explain why in the next video,
that I will tell the changes that I made in the robot.
The resistors have no polarity, so you can plug them carefree. That is, you can connect it from any side.
This one is also a resistor, but it is a variable
resistor,
usually called potentiometer,
these are the two external terminals
and this, is the central one.
Moving on to the most important part of our sensor.
This triangle here represents this Integrated Circuit,
the LM358.
Similar to the L293D, also has a cut that indicates its position,
the respective pins are these.
By the way here is a tip,
if you want to find the reference pins of any Integrated Circuit;
go to Google,
enter the code of Integrated Circuit followed by pinout,
search, click on images and done, you have easily the reference of the pins.
Numbered from 1 to 8, these are the pins represented in the drawing,
for example,
if we take the middle terminal of the potentiometer,
connected here in the circuit on pin 3,
in real life would correspond to this pin here, simple like that.
Just follow the diagram and these reference pins for the rest of the pins of this IC.
So, well done guys! We came here at the end of our video,
basically this is what is needed to understand the diagram,
the rest of the connections is simple, follow the wires and the colors that help a lot.
In the next video I will explain better the changes I've made and why,
in the last video I will explain how to do assembly the robot.
So, see you in the next video,
don't forget to comment your opinion and your doubts and remember:
"Imagination is more important than knowledge" - Albert Einstein.
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